CAREER: Integration of Linguistic Knowledge and Language Processing

语言理论研究通常把语言知识描述为一个静态的心理表征系统。另一方面，心理语言学家的主要目标是提供一种或多或少明确的程序特征，描述说话者如何执行语言任务，如理解或产生。这些不同的重点反映在语言知识和语言处理作为心智-大脑独立系统的产物的广泛观点中：陈述性语法和专门用于特定任务的程序系统。这种区分是由学生在语言学和心理语言学中接受的典型的独立训练所促进的。该项目研究了语言知识和语言加工的语法成分是同一增量程序系统的产物的假设。如果这是真的，这就简化了语言的结构，缩小了语言学和心理语言学之间的差距。该项目还为研究生和本科生制定了一个培训计划，为学生提供积极参与综合（心理）语言学所需的技能。该项目的研究部分有两个主要重点。在句法理论方面，该项目将扩展增量从左到右语法模型的覆盖范围，在该模型中，语法结构以与理解和生成句子相同的顺序组装。重点将是在首-尾语言选区和语音-语法界面。研究部分的其余部分调查了人类句子处理完全增量的程度，以及主要使用阅读时间测量使之成为可能的句法搜索机制。一项跨语言的代词解释研究将采用探针识别的方法，比较回指在动词开头和动词结尾结构中的直接性。最后，一对使用高密度ERP记录的研究将调查句法解析中断的众所周知的电生理测量在多大程度上反映了正常、成功解析背后的句法搜索过程。作为研究计划的补充，该项目将开发一个理论和实验语言学的综合培训计划，强调积极学习的方法。研究生和高级本科生将以实验室为基础的课程顺序学习实验语言学，其中包括实验设计和分析的培训，重点关注语言学家的特定需求。在大量招生的入门课程中，初学本科生将使用语言学作为一种工具，主要通过使用教学技术资源来开发积极研究和科学理论测试的技能。

Work in linguistic theory typically characterizes linguistic knowledge as a system of static mental representations. The main goal of psycholinguists, on the other hand, has been to provide a more or less explicitly procedural characterization of how speakers perform linguistic tasks such as comprehension or production. These different emphases are reflected in the widespread view of linguistic knowledge and language processing as the products of independent systems of the mind-brain: a declarative grammar, and procedural systems dedicated to specialized tasks. This division is fostered by the typically independent training which students receive in linguistics and psycholinguistics. This project investigates the hypothesis that the grammatical component of linguistic knowledge and language processing are products of the same incremental procedural system. If true, this simplifies the architecture of language and closes the gap between linguistics and psycholinguistics. The project also develops a program of training for graduate and undergraduate students which provides students with the skills required for active involvement in an integrated (psycho-)linguistics.The research component of the project has two main foci. In syntactic theory, the project will extend the coverage of a model of incremental left-to-right grammar, in which grammatical structures are assembled in the same order as sentences are comprehended and produced. The focus will be on constituency in head-final languages and on the phonology-syntax interface. The remainder of the research component investigates the extent to which human sentence processing is fully incremental, and the syntactic search mechanisms that make this possible, using mainly reading-time measures. A cross-linguistic study of pronoun interpretation will compare the immediacy with which constraints on anaphora apply in verb-initial and verb-final constructions, using a probe-recognition measure. Finally, a pair of studies using high-density ERP recordings will investigate the extent to which well-known electrophysiological measures of the disruption of syntactic parsing reflect the syntactic search processes underlying normal, successful parsing.Complementing the research program, the project will develop an integrated program of training in theoretical and experimental linguistics, which emphasizes an active learning approach. Graduate and advanced undergraduate students will study experimental linguistics in laboratory-based course sequence, which includes training in experimental design and analysis which focuses on the specific needs of linguists. Beginning undergraduate students in large enrollment introductory courses will use linguistics as a vehicle for developing skills in active research and scientific theory testing, substantially through the use of instructional technology resources.