Ceria-Based Water-Gas Shift Catalysts for Fuel Cell Applications

摘要标题：CeO2基水煤气变换催化剂在燃料电池中的应用建议编号：CTS-9985305首席研究员：Maria Flytzani-Stephanopoulos研究所：塔夫茨大学将研究一类新的高活性和稳定的水-气变换催化剂。在初步工作中，含有少量非贵金属(如铜或镍)的氧化铈催化剂已被确定为最有希望用于聚合物电解质膜燃料电池实际应用的低温水煤气变换反应器。重点是更好地了解新型氧化铈催化剂的活性。金属与CeO_2之间对于变换反应的协同作用的来源将被探讨。当纳米金属/金属氧化物粒子稳定在纳米CeO_2粒子上时，这种效应被放大。究竟是金属-CeO_2界面还是金属颗粒大小控制了活性，还有待研究。层状合成微结构将通过气相沉积催化剂和载体，然后光刻和蚀刻来制备几何定义的、无孔的负载型催化剂。催化剂的结构将通过各种技术进行表征，包括电子显微镜、X射线衍射和原子力显微镜来检查表面。一种实用的、高活性的低温水煤气变换催化剂将促进液体燃料电池汽车的实施。

AbstractProposal Title: Ceria-based Water Gas Shift Catalysts for Fuel Cell ApplicationsProposal Number: CTS-9985305Principal Investigator: Maria Flytzani-StephanopoulosInstitution: Tufts UniversityA new class of highly active and stable catalysts for the water-gas shift reaction will be studied. In preliminary work a cerium oxide-based catalyst containing a small amount of a non-precious metal (e.g., Cu or Ni) has been identified as most promising for a low-temperature water-gas shift reactor of practical interest to polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. The focus is on developing a better understanding of the activity of the new ceria-based catalysts. The origin of the synergy between the metal and ceria for the shift reaction will be investigated. The effect is magnified when nanoscale metal/metal oxide particles are stabilized on ceria nonoparticles. Whether the metal-ceria interface or the metal particle size controls the activity will be investigated. Layered synthetic microstructures will be prepared by vapor deposition of catalyst and support followed by photolithography and etching to produce geometrically defined, nonporous, supported catalysts. The catalyst structures will be characterized by various techniques including electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy to examine the surface. A practical, highly active, low temperature water gas shift catalyst will facilitate implementation of liquid-fuel powered fuel cell vehicles.