Dissertation: Water Resource Management by the Ancient Maya of Yucatan, Mexico

在Heather McKillop博士的指导下，Terance Winemiller先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将在墨西哥尤卡坦半岛北部的22个玛雅遗址进行考古调查、制图、挖掘和地面收集。从最早的古玛雅人占领尤卡坦半岛到城市的发展，地表水的稀缺是选址决策的基本考虑因素。通常被认为是限制人口分散和刺激人口集中的因素的环境条件，如极端干旱，并不是该地区的特征。一些学者把季节性和缺水与中央集权和玛雅文明在半岛上的兴起联系起来。Winemiller先生利用现有的站点报告、地图、卫星图像、航空照片、最新的地理信息系统技术和位置统计构建了一个空间预测工具，以测试Wittfogel的水力社会模型和Carneiro的边界模型是否解释了集中的精英行政中心的出现，而其他模型预测的是广泛分散的小规模定居点。通过设计，该研究利用了与该研究相关的大量已发表数据。该项目是一项区域住区模式研究，包括五项业务目标：收集设在近东救济工程处各区域办事处的现有数据；核实现有场地地图上记录的空间数据，并收集12个排名靠前的场地的主要建筑和水管理特征的GPS坐标；对该地区9个地理区域中的9个高排名站点进行深入调查，包括航空照片、卫星图像、地质、地形和水文地图的解释，以及GPS站点制图，并开发站点内资源获取和使用模型；按地理分区对9个排名第三或第四的地点进行调查和GPS制图；通过地面调查测试尤卡坦半岛北部部分地区是否没有记录的定居点，但有证据表明潜在的集水区包含文化特征，如建筑物，建筑物或水管理特征的堆砌遗迹。如果人口增长促成了以水的控制、开发和分配为基础的组织等级的建立，那么本研究应该记录围绕自然水源聚集的精英行政等级的循环模式，以及在城市空间核心内转移或储存水的公共工程的证据。温米勒先生的研究最终将为学术界提供对墨西哥尤卡坦半岛北部古玛雅人所采用的水资源管理系统的实质性评估。它还将帮助培训一名有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Heather McKillop, Mr. Terance Winemiller will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will conduct archaeological survey, mapping, excavation, and surface collections at 22 Maya sites located throughout northern Yucatan, Mexico. From the earliest ancient Maya occupation of the Yucatan Peninsula to the development of cities, the scarcity of surface water was a fundamental consideration in locational decisions. Environmental conditions commonly cited as factors that limit dispersal of human populations and stimulate centralization, such as extreme aridity, are not characteristic of the region. Several scholars have related the seasonality and scarcity of water with centralization and the rise of Maya civilization on the peninsula. Mr. Winemiller constructs a spatial predictive tool using existing site reports, maps, satellite imagery, air photos, the latest geographical information systems technology, and locational statistics to test whether Wittfogel's hydraulic society model and Carneiro's circumscription model account for the appearance of centralized elite administrative centers in an environment where other models predict widely dispersed small-scale settlements. By design, the study takes advantage of a large body of published data pertaining to this research. The project, a regional settlement pattern study, includes five operational goals: collection of existing data housed in INAH regional offices; verification of spatial data recorded on existing site maps, and collecting GPS coordinates for principal architecture and water management features at 12 upper-ranked sites; intensive surveys of nine upper-ranked sites one from each of nine physiographic districts in the region including interpretation of air photos, satellite imagery, and geological, topographical, and hydrological maps, and GPS site mapping, and develop intrasite resource access and usage models; survey and GPS mapping of nine third or fourth-ranked sites by physiographic district; test by ground survey whether parts of northern Yucatan having no documented settlements but evidence of potential water catchment areas contain cultural features such as the mounded remains of structures, structures, or water-management features. If population growth precipitated the establishment of organizational hierarchies based on control, development, and distribution of water, this research should document recurrent patterns of clustered elite administrative hierarchies around natural sources of water and evidence of public works to divert or store water within the spatial core of cities. Mr. Winemiller's study will ultimately provide academics with a substantive appraisal of water-resource management systems employed by the ancient Maya of northern Yucatan, Mexico. It will also assist in training a promising young scientist.