Labor Organization In A Traditional Complex Society

传统复杂社会中的劳工组织

• 批准号: 1826653
• 负责人: Heather McKillop
• 金额: $ 25.49万
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1826653&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Labor; Organization; Traditional; Complex; Society

Drs. Heather McKillop of Louisiana State University and E. Cory Sills of The University of Texas at Tyler, along with graduate and undergraduate students will investigate how staple goods and resources are produced and distributed in complex economies, in particular by examining how food staples are produced for marketplace trade. The researchers will examine what factors make small enterprises successful, including the organization and composition of labor and the identification of markets, as well as factors that contribute to failure. Archaeology is particularly useful in addressing these issues due to the material evidence of production, distribution of goods, and the ability to investigate changes over time. The research is important to the United States economy, which includes both large corporations, as well as small businesses, including family-run enterprises. Why do certain factors allow some enterprises to succeed and other's fail? Students, many who are first-generation college students, will be trained in the use of technologies such as Global Positioning Systems, Geographic Information Systems, and 3D digital imaging, all marketable skills in addition to participating in interdisciplinary research in archaeology. Descendant communities as well as other interested people will be involved in workshops to share findings from the project as well as 3D printed replicas for exhibits. Additionally, the knowledge obtained from this study will be available to interested students, professionals, and the public through an online public repository, web page, and digital updates. The researchers will evaluate the production and distribution of salt, a staple good, by study of abandoned salt works where wooden buildings have preserved a record of production untouched from 1500 to 1000 years ago in a coastal lagoon in southern Belize. As a basic daily necessity, salt was scarce at inland cities so its production on the coast figures into supply and demand of a good distributed at inland marketplaces in cities, towns, and smaller communities. Previous archaeological survey, mapping, and transect excavations indicated massive salt production. However, there were unanswered questions about the workforce, including if they lived near the salt works or elsewhere, if production was organized by households who worked individual salt kitchens or by day or seasonal workers from elsewhere. The researchers will carry out aerial excavations inside multiple buildings and in the adjacent yards at two large archaeological sites to identify residential, production, and other uses. In addition, excavations will be carried out at smaller sites in five different areas of the salt works. Interdisciplinary collaboration includes study of mineralogy of pottery to identify the sources of manufacture as a proxy for the locations of inland markets and consumers. The study incorporates soil chemistry to identify chemical residues of activities, along with quantitative and spatial evaluation of salt production tools. Species identification and radiocarbon dating of wooden posts as well as column samples of the earth beside posts will evaluate the ancient landscape and timing of building construction.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

路易斯安那州立大学的石楠麦基洛普博士和E.得克萨斯大学泰勒分校的科里·西尔斯（Cory Sills）沿着研究生和本科生将研究在复杂的经济体中，主食和资源是如何生产和分配的，特别是通过研究斯台普斯是如何为市场贸易生产的。研究人员将研究是什么因素使小企业成功，包括劳动力的组织和构成以及市场的识别，以及导致失败的因素。考古学在解决这些问题时特别有用，因为它有生产、货物分配的物质证据，并有能力调查随着时间的推移而发生的变化。这项研究对美国经济很重要，美国经济既包括大公司，也包括小企业，包括家族企业。为什么某些因素允许一些企业成功而另一些企业失败？学生，许多人是第一代大学生，将接受培训，使用技术，如全球定位系统，地理信息系统和3D数字成像，除了参与考古学的跨学科研究，所有市场技能。 后代社区以及其他感兴趣的人将参与研讨会，分享项目的发现以及3D打印的复制品。此外，从这项研究中获得的知识将提供给感兴趣的学生，专业人士和公众通过在线公共存储库，网页和数字更新。 研究人员将通过研究废弃的盐场来评估盐的生产和分配，盐场是一种主要商品，在伯利兹南部的一个沿海泻湖中，木制建筑保留了1500至1000年前的生产记录。 作为一种基本的日常必需品，盐在内陆城市很稀缺，因此沿海地区的盐产量与分布在城市、城镇和较小社区的内陆市场上的商品的供求有关。先前的考古调查、制图和样带挖掘表明，盐的生产量很大。然而，关于劳动力的问题仍然没有答案，包括他们是住在盐场附近还是其他地方，生产是由在盐灶工作的家庭组织的，还是由来自其他地方的日工或季节工组织的。研究人员将在两个大型考古遗址的多个建筑物内和相邻的院子里进行空中挖掘，以确定住宅，生产和其他用途。此外，还将在盐场的五个不同地区的较小地点进行挖掘。跨学科的合作包括研究陶器的矿物学，以确定制造的来源，作为内陆市场和消费者的位置的代理。这项研究结合了土壤化学，以确定化学残留的活动，沿着定量和空间评价盐生产工具。木柱的物种鉴定和放射性碳年代测定以及柱旁土壤的柱状样本将评估古代景观和建筑施工的时间。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。