The Yurok Language: Description and Revitalization

尤罗克语是加利福尼亚州西北部的一种濒临灭绝的语言，讲流利语言的人不超过12人，可能只有五六人，他们都是长辈。语言学家通过R.H.罗宾斯1951年出版的语法和十几本其他出版物了解了尤罗克，但过去关于尤罗克的大部分工作仍然没有出版，形式是20世纪初语言学家的田野笔记和录音(主要保存在伯克利)。该项目的目标是对尤洛克进行全面的语法描述，同时为尤洛克部落的语言振兴项目做出贡献。在赠款期间，数据收集和合并将涉及两个主要部分：与其他讲这种语言的人进行实地工作，尽可能多地记录语法、词汇和文本材料；对未出版的实地笔记和Kroeber和Haas的随附录音以及Sapir和其他人的实地笔记进行档案工作。从这个丰富和综合的数据库中，设想了三种主要出版物：供学校语言教师和学习者使用的Yurok教学语法；供说Yurok语言的人和语言学习者使用的Yurok-English/English-Yurok词典；以及更完整的参考语法，其中包括有关该语言的声音结构、单词结构、句子结构、方言差异、言语风格和历史的信息。

Yurok is an endangered language of northwestern California with no more than a dozen fluent speakers, and possibly as few as five or six, all of them elders. The language is known to linguists via the 1951 grammar by R. H. Robins and a dozen or so other publications, but the majority of past work on Yurok remains unpublished, in the form of fieldnotes and recordings of linguists from the early 20th century (mostly archived at Berkeley). The goal of this project is to provide a comprehensive grammatical description of Yurok while at the same time contributing to the Yurok Tribe's language revitalization project. Data collection and consolidation will involve two primary components over the duration of the grant: fieldwork with the remaining speakers of the language to record as much grammatical, lexical, and text material as possible; and archival work on the unpublished fieldnotes and accompanying recordings of Kroeber and Haas, as well as the fieldnotes of Sapir and others. From this enriched and consolidated database three main publications are envisaged: a teaching grammar of Yurok for use by language teachers and learners in the schools; a Yurok-English/English-Yurok dictionary for use by Yurok speakers and language learners; and a more complete reference grammar which includes information on the sound structure, word structure, sentence structure, dialect differences, speech styles, and the history of the language.