Dissertation Research: The Gathering of the Clans: Understanding Migration into the Hopi Area, A.D. 1275-1400

在米歇尔·黑格蒙博士的指导下，韦斯利·贝纳迪尼将为他的博士论文收集数据。他的研究集中在美国西南部的史前晚期(约公元1200至1400年)，并将检验霍皮人迁徙的理论。考古和人种学数据都表明，在这段时间里，亚利桑那州北部的霍皮人地区发生了大规模的迁徙和人口迁移，霍皮人目前的村庄和人口分布是在这一时期确定的。贝尔纳迪尼先生希望了解作为这一进程基础的机制。占主导地位的考古学观点认为，这种人口流动很可能发生在宏观尺度上，整个村庄的所有个人都集体迁移到一个新的地点，研究人员使用的大多数分析单位都是在这个尺度上定义的。霍皮人传统本身描绘了一幅不同的图景，描述了一个更零碎的过程，在这个过程中，捐助者村庄内的一个很小的群体将迁移到一个收容地点，而来自同一原籍的另一个群体(氏族)将转移到其他地方。因此，寄宿村庄具有高度的异质性，距离较近的村庄彼此之间的联系可能比与较远的村庄的联系更少。这个问题对于希望了解历史和当今霍皮人社会组织的人类学家来说很重要。贝尔纳迪尼将专注于从捐赠者村庄回收的陶瓷的化学分析。先前的研究表明，有一种特殊的陶器--“杰迪托黄陶器”--只由霍皮制造，但后来被广泛交易。在紧邻霍皮地区以外地区的地点发现了大量财产，贝纳迪尼先生假设，这些在移民前时期建立的贸易联系为移民后来的流动提供了途径。这项分析利用了霍皮地区内的地质变异性。粘土和回火来源在不同的霍皮亚地区是不同的，经常允许人们将几十英里外发现的碎片与生产它的单个村庄相匹配。通过检查个别捐助村庄内和霍皮人特定地区的Jedto黄色瓷器碎片之间的化学可变性，可以建立一个联系网络。这反过来很可能也为人们的行动设定了模板。这项研究之所以重要，原因有几个。它将提供对移民基本过程的洞察。它将提供许多人类学家感兴趣的数据，增加我们对史前美国西南部的了解，并帮助培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Michelle Hegmon, Mr. Wesley Bernardini will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. His research focuses on the late prehistoric period in the US Southwest (ca. 1200 to 1400 AD) and will test a theory of Hopi people's migration. Both archaeological and ethnographic data indicate that during this time interval extensive migration and population shifts occurred in the Hopi region of northern Arizona and that the present distribution of Hopi villages and people was determined during this period. Mr. Bernardini wishes to understand the mechanisms which underlie this process. The dominant archaeological view is that such population movements likely occurred at a macro scale in which all individuals in an entire village moved together in mass to a new location and most analytical units which researchers employ are defined at this scale. Hopi tradition itself paints a different picture and describes a more piecemeal process in which a very small group within a donor village would migrate to one host location while another group (clan) from the same point of origin would move elsewhere. As a result host villages were highly heterogeneous and villages in close proximity may have shared share fewer ties to each other than to villages further away. This issue is important to anthropologists who wish to understand historic, and present day, Hopi social organization.Mr. Bernardini will focus on the chemical analysis of ceramics recovered from donor population villages. Prior research has indicated that a particular kind of pottery, "Jeddito Yellow Ware" was manufactured only by Hopi but then traded widely. Significant amounts have been recovered from sites in regions outside the immediate Hopi area and Mr. Bernardini hypothesizes that these trading ties established in pre-migration times provided the pathways along which migrants later moved. The analysis takes advantage of the geological variability within the Hopi region. Clay and temper sources are distinct between different Hopi subregions and often allow one to match a sherd recovered tens of miles away with the individual village at which it was produced. By examining chemical variability among Jeditto Yellow Ware sherds within individual donor villages and with specific Hopi regions, a network of linkages can be established. This in turn very likely set the template for movement of people as well.This research is important for several reasons. It will provide insight into the basic process of migration. It will provide data of interest to many anthropologists, increase our understanding of the prehistoric US Southwest and assist in training a promising young scientist.