Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics

新世纪核物理学最重要的问题是原子核的存在边界、极短寿命同位素的性质以及澄清宇宙演化过程中恒星中化学元素合成的路径。加速器和实验技术的最新发展使人们有可能产生数千种新的同位素并研究它们的物理特性。沿着这条道路，将有可能研究宇宙元素的起源，具有不寻常质子-中子组成的核物质的特征，奇异核的大小、形状和激发模式。在这片广阔的未知领域，核物理学的巨大发现潜力已经通过对核晕、新型放射性物质、超重元素等的观察得到了证明。核理论必须面对巨大的挑战，找到一种一致的方法来描述新现象，并对未来作出可靠的预测。该提案旨在实现这一目标。我们希望解决一些重要的问题，如核稳定性的极限，天体物理学感兴趣的核反应，松散束缚核系统的描述，新的簇效应，新的集体行为模式，外来系统中的弱相互作用，远离核稳定线的混沌和规则动力学的共存。正如过去所发生的那样，新的理论方法和计算方法有望使物理学的其他领域——主要是天体物理学和介观系统物理学——相互促进。

0070911Zelevinsky The most important problems for nuclear physics in the new century are related to the boundaries of the existence of nuclei, properties of very short-lived isotopes and the clarification of the path of the synthesis of chemical elements in stars in the process of the evolution of the Universe. Recent developments in accelerators and experimental technology now make it possible to produce thousands of new isotopes and study their physics. Along this road it will be possible to study what is the origin of the elements of the cosmos, what are the features of nuclear matter with unusual proton-neutron composition, what are sizes, shapes and excitation modes of exotic nuclei. The large discovery potential of nuclear physics in this vast terra incognita was already demonstrated by observation of nuclear halos, new types of radioactivity, superheavy elements and so on. Nuclear theory must meet a great challenge and find a consistent way of describing new phenomena and making reliable predictions for the future. The proposal is directed toward achieving that goal. We hope to address a few important issues such as the limits of nuclear stability, nuclear reactions of astrophysical interest, the description of loosely bound nuclear systems, new cluster effects, new modes of collective behavior, weak interactions in exotic systems,the coexistence of chaotic and regular dynamics far from the line of nuclear stability. As happened in the past, the new theoretical approaches and computational methods are expected to cross-fertilize other areas of physics - mainly astrophysics and physics of mesoscopic systems.