SGER: An Investigation of Landslide Assessment and Delineation Using Airborne Laser Swath Mapping

山体滑坡可造成广泛的破坏；因此，及早发现、监测和评估潜在的问题区域至关重要。识别迫在眉睫的滑坡地点的能力将有助于缓解，从而减少重大滑坡的发生、服务中断和可能的生命损失。描述滑坡易发区的第一步是绘制其表面的等高线地图。然而，由于地形多变，标准测量技术很少提供小于3米(10英尺)的等高线间距。不幸的是，这项决议不适合划定未来山泥倾泻的发展和补救措施。然而，最近微型计算机、激光和GPS定位技术的进步导致了一种紧凑、轻便、可从小型飞机操作的机载激光测绘系统的开发。它允许一个人在一个小时内绘制100平方公里的地图，并最终创建由相距1米的数据点组成的三维地表地图。除了快速的数据收集外，垂直精度还可以达到5到10厘米。(2到4英寸)通常是可能的。在飞行过程中，激光发出的脉冲击中地面，并被反射回飞机。通过测量脉冲(每秒10,000次)完成往返行程所需的时间，确定每个点与飞机的距离。然后，通过知道飞机的位置和高度，人们可以计算出地面的绝对高度和坐标。飞机上和地面上的几个GPS系统(地勤人员)始终提供飞机位置的精确位置信息。这项研究的目的是评估机载激光条带测绘(ALSM)识别和绘制滑坡区域的准确性和能力。南达科他州密苏里河流域选定的地区将被用作试验场。将实施一系列测量和测绘战略，以确定评估和监测滑坡地区的最有效、最高灵敏度和最具成本效益的方法。一旦完成，将对数据进行评估，以确定确定滑坡特征所需的相关参数。

Landslides can cause extensive damage; hence early detection, monitoring and assessment of potential problem areas are critically important. The ability to recognize impending slide locations would assist mitigation, thereby reducing major landslide development, disruption of services and possible loss of life. The first step in the characterization of a landslide prone area is the contour mapping of its surface. However, due to the varied topography, standard surveying techniques rarely provide contour intervals smaller than 3 m (10 ft). Unfortunately, this resolution is unsuitable for delineation of future landslide development and remedial measures. However, recent advances in microcomputers, lasers and GPS positioning technology, have resulted in the development of a compact, lightweight, airborne laser mapping system that can be operated from a small airplane. It allows one to map 100 square kilometers in a single hour, and ultimately create a three-dimensional surface map made up of data points spaced 1-meter apart. In addition to rapid data collection, vertical accuracies of 5 to 10 cm. (2 to 4 inches) are usually possible. During a flight, the laser sends out pulses that hit the ground surface and are reflected back to the plane. By measuring the time it takes the pulses (10,000 per second) to complete the roundtrip determines how far away each point is from the aircraft. Then, by knowing where and how high the aircraft is, allows one to compute the absolute height and coordinates of the ground surface. Several GPS systems both in the aircraft and on the ground (ground crews) provide precise location information of the aircraft's position at all times. The goal of this research is to assess the accuracy and capability of airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) to identify and map landslide areas. Selected areas in South Dakota's Missouri River valley will be used as test sites. A series of measurement and mapping strategies will be performed to determine the most efficient, highest sensitivity, and cost effective approach to assess and monitor landslide areas. Once this is accomplished, an evaluation of the data will then be performed to establish those pertinent parameters necessary to characterize landslides.