A hybrid investigation of geometrical effects on landslide-tsunamis: Generic hazard assessment and numerical benchmark test cases

滑坡-海啸几何效应的混合研究：通用灾害评估和数值基准测试用例

• 批准号: NE/K000578/1
• 负责人: Valentin Heller
• 金额: $ 8.91万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK000578%2F1
• 关键词: hybrid; investigation; geometrical; effects; landslide

The proposed research concerns the investigation of the effect of the water body geometry on landslide-tsunamis. To predicting such events, at least three approaches may be adopted: (i) physical model testing, (ii) numerical simulations and (iii) empirical equations. Traditionally empirical equations are based on physical model testing. Unfortunately, this model testing has mostly been conducted in narrow wave channels (2D), and did not systematically address the effects of the water body geometry. Numerical simulations of such violent free surface flows have only recently come into practical reach. A promising computational method for solving these problems is Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics SPH. The proposed work adopts all three methodologies, using physical model testing, to validate and advanced SPH code, and develop the most generic empirical equations to date. The work directly builds upon the PI's previous success in physical landslide-tsunami modelling and real-world applications through his hazard assessment manual.Tsunamis are not only caused by seismic activities such as in the 2011 Japan and 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami catastrophes, but also by other mass movements such as landslides, rock falls or ice calving. Such landslide-tsunamis (or impulse waves in a lake or reservoir) occurred, for instance, off the coast of Norway affecting Scotland in 6100 BC, in the 1963 Vaiont catastrophe with a death toll of about 2,000 or in Papua New Guinea in 1998 with 2,100 fatalities. Impulse waves occur also quite frequently in mountainous countries such as Austria, Canada, China, Italy, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey such that a hazard assessment is required in the planning phase of reservoirs. The UK also experiences similar cases e.g. in Scotland, it may be affected by a potential landslide-tsunami originating at La Palma on the Canary Islands and it is of increased relevance for the shipping and oil and gas industries in the context of ice calving.In contrast to seismic-tsunamis, landslide-tsunamis may be relatively well predicted with empirical equations under idealised conditions. However, these equations were mainly developed in wave channels (2D) and wave basins (idealised 3D) where the wave height predictions with equations based on 2D and idealised 3D differ up to an order of magnitude by identical slide features. At present the differences between 2D and idealised 3D tsunamis generated by identical slide features is poorly understood. It is also not well understood whether formulae based on 2D or idealised 3D data apply better to a specific prototype shape and generic predictions of intermediate geometries (e.g. slide impact at dam flank) are unknown at all. The important effect of the water body geometry was not systematically addressed to date even though it is widely known to be responsible for considerable under- or overestimations in landslide-tsunami (impulse wave) predictions.The proposed work will systematically investigate the effect of the water body geometry with a hybrid (experimental-numerical) approach. The physical model experiments will be conducted in the in-house wave flume and a wave basin thereby excluding significant scale effects. The unique combination of measurements will include the entire slide kinematics, pressure recordings at slide front and wave features. This will result in high quality benchmark test cases valuable for the numerical modelling community dealing with fluid-structure interaction applications and violent free surface flows. The recently released feature to include complex geometries via Blender in SPHysics will make it possible to conduct additional tests in 2D, idealised 3D and intermediate geometries purely numerically. The data set from this hybrid approach will be used to develop the most generic empirical equation to predict landslide-tsunamis (impulse waves) to date resulting in considerably improved predictions in lakes, reservoirs, fiords and the sea.

拟议的研究涉及调查的影响，滑坡海啸的水体几何形状。预测这类事件，至少可以采用三种方法：（i）物理模型试验，（ii）数值模拟和（iii）经验方程。传统的经验公式是基于物理模型试验。遗憾的是，该模型试验大多在狭窄的波浪通道（2D）中进行，并且没有系统地解决水体几何形状的影响。这种剧烈的自由表面流动的数值模拟直到最近才进入实际应用。一个很有前途的计算方法来解决这些问题是光滑粒子流体动力学SPH。拟议的工作采用所有三种方法，使用物理模型测试，验证和先进的SPH代码，并开发最通用的经验方程。这项工作直接建立在PI之前通过他的危险评估手册在物理滑坡海啸建模和实际应用方面的成功基础上。海啸不仅是由地震活动引起的，如2011年日本和2004年印度洋海啸灾难，而且还由其他质量运动引起，如滑坡，罗克瀑布或冰裂。例如，公元前6100年发生在挪威海岸影响苏格兰的滑坡海啸（或湖泊或水库中的冲击波），1963年发生在瓦扬特（Vaiont）灾难中，死亡人数约为2,000人，1998年发生在巴布亚新几内亚，死亡人数为2,100人。冲击波在奥地利、加拿大、中国、意大利、挪威、瑞士和土耳其等多山国家也经常发生，因此在水库规划阶段需要进行危险评估。英国也经历了类似的情况，例如在苏格兰，它可能会受到潜在的滑坡海啸起源于拉帕尔马在加那利群岛，它是增加相关性的航运和石油和天然气行业的背景下，冰calving.In对比地震海啸，滑坡海啸可能是相对较好的预测与经验公式在理想化的条件下。然而，这些方程主要是在波浪通道（2D）和波浪盆地（理想化的3D）中开发的，其中基于2D和理想化的3D方程的波高预测因相同的滑动特征而相差一个数量级。目前，由相同的滑动特征产生的2D和理想化的3D海啸之间的差异知之甚少。也不清楚基于2D或理想化3D数据的公式是否更好地适用于特定的原型形状，并且中间几何形状的通用预测（例如，大坝侧面的滑动冲击）完全未知。水体的几何形状的重要影响没有系统地解决，即使它是众所周知的，负责相当大的下或高估滑坡海啸（脉冲波）predictions.The拟议的工作将系统地调查与混合（实验-数值）的方法的水体几何形状的效果。物理模型实验将在室内波浪水槽和波浪水池中进行，从而排除显著的尺度效应。独特的测量组合将包括整个载玻片运动学、载玻片前端的压力记录和波形特征。这将产生高质量的基准测试用例，对处理流体-结构相互作用应用和剧烈自由表面流的数值建模社区有价值。最近发布的功能，包括复杂的几何形状通过搅拌机在SPHysics将有可能进行额外的测试，在2D，理想化的3D和中间几何形状纯粹的数字。从这种混合方法的数据集将被用来开发最通用的经验方程，以预测滑坡海啸（脉冲波），从而大大改善了对湖泊，水库，峡湾和海洋的预测。

项目成果

Subaerial landslide-tsunami generation with a rigid slide in a channel (2D) and basin (3D) - SPH benchmark test case

通过通道 (2D) 和盆地 (3D) 中的刚性滑坡生成地面滑坡-海啸 - SPH 基准测试用例

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Heller V

A critical review about generic subaerial landslide-tsunami experiments and options for a needed step change

• DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104459
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Earth-Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 12.1
• 作者: V. Heller;G. Ruffini

Composite modelling of the effect of the water body geometry on landslide-tsunamis

水体几何形状对滑坡-海啸影响的综合模拟

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Heller V

On the effect of the water body geometry on landslide-tsunamis: Physical insight from laboratory tests and 2D to 3D wave parameter transformation

• DOI: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.06.006
• 发表时间: 2015-10-01
• 期刊: COASTAL ENGINEERING
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Heller, Valentin;Spinneken, Johannes
• 通讯作者: Spinneken, Johannes

A laboratory-DualSPHysics modelling approach to support landslide-tsunami hazard assessment

支持滑坡-海啸灾害评估的实验室-DualSPHysics 建模方法

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Heller V