M-I Coupling: Modeling of Kinetic Instabilities Relevant to I-M Coupling Using a Multi-Scale Model and Parameterization of Results that can be Used in Global Models

场向电流在磁层-电离层（M-I）耦合中起着重要作用。这些电流可以作为一些导致等离子体通电的动力学不稳定性的自由能的来源。这种不稳定性也可能导致等离子体密度空腔的形成或增强，而这些空腔反过来又在电离层中重离子的逃逸中起作用。所有这些因素都会影响等离子体在M-I系统中的输运特性，而且高纬度电离层等离子体也必须同时响应磁层电场和自转电场。本研究将探讨动力学不稳定性对M-I耦合和等离子体输运过程的作用。一个多尺度模式将用于生成模拟，这些模拟可纳入其他全球模式，例如用于空间天气研究和预报的模式。

Field-aligned currents play an important role in magnetosphere-Ionosphere (M-I) coupling. These currents can act as the source of free energy for a number of kinetic instabilities which lead to plasma energization. The instabilities may also lead to the formation of plasma density cavities or enhancements, and these in turn play a role in the escape of heavy ions from the ionosphere. All of these factors affect plasma transport properties in the M-I system, and the high latitude ionospheric plasma must also respond to both magnetospheric and corotational electric fields. This study will examine the role of kinetic instabilities to M-I coupling and plasma transport processes. A multi-scale model will be used to generate simulations which can be incorporated in other global models, such as those used in space weather research and forecasting.