Dissertation Research: Phylogenetic Studies in the Lasiosphaeriaceae (Fungi, Ascomycetes, Sordariales)

Lasiosphaeriaceae是一组被称为化脓菌的真菌中最大和研究最少的家族之一。它包含几个生态和经济上重要的属，分布在温带和热带地区，在木头和粪便上产生微小的、深色的、瓶形的果结构。许多属在没有严格评估它们的进化关系的情况下被转移到这个科。本研究将：(1)对子囊菌科进行单系划分，并对目前用于子囊菌分类学的形态学特征假设进行检验；(2)对该科最大、最复杂的属之一Lasiosphaeria进行了分类修订。Lasiosphaeria;(3)重点研究毛毛L.和羊草L.的物种复合体，建立物种边界。该研究将为子囊菌系统学的未来研究提供一个模型系统，通过使用多基因方法，结合蛋白质编码和核糖体基因，以及在特定，一般和家族水平上确定系统发育关系的形态学特征。由于几个原因，Lasiosphaeria科及其模式属Lasiosphaeria具有特别的系统兴趣。系统发育分析的DNA序列，包括四个单一代表的十个家庭的Sordariales表明，该目的不是单系的。为了解决这个问题，需要对这些科之间的进化关系进行详细的评估，但有意义的抽样策略需要修订像Lasiosphaeria这样的关键属。Lasiosphaeriaceae要么包含，要么与含有神经孢子虫和索达虫的科密切相关。Sordariaceae的代表将包括在我们的分析中，以评估这些属和家族关系。子囊孢子形态在丝状子囊菌中被广泛用于区分科和属，尽管这种单性状分类从未经过严格的测试。这项研究将首次客观地测试这一性状系统的进化潜力。虽然在温带和热带地区都能见到许多Lasiosphaeriaceae，但没有鉴定指南。在数字图像采集系统的帮助下，本研究将生成详细的纸本和网络分类指南。

The family Lasiosphaeriaceae is one of the largest and least studied families in a group of fungi known as pyrenomycetes. It contains several ecologically and economically important genera, which occur throughout temperate and tropical regions and produce minute, dark-colored, flask-shaped fruiting structures on wood and dung. Numerous genera have been transferred into this family without critically assessing their evolutionary relationships. This study will (1) provide a monophyletic circumscription of the Lasiosphaeriaceae and test hypotheses about morphological characters currently used in ascomycete systematics; (2) provide a taxonomic revision of Lasiosphaeria, one of the largest and most complex genera in the family. Lasiosphaeria; (3) focus on the L. hirsuta and L. ovina species complexes, establishing species boundaries. This study will serve as a model system for future studies in ascomycete systematics by using a multi-gene approach, incorporating both protein-coding and ribosomal genes, along with morphological characters for determining phylogenetic relationships at the specific, generic and familial levels. The Lasiosphaeriaceae and its type genus Lasiosphaeria are of particular systematic interest for several reasons. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences that included single representatives of four of the ten families of Sordariales suggested that the order is not monophyletic. A detailed assessment of the evolutionary relationships among these families is needed to address this issue, but a meaningful sampling strategy requires revision of key genera like Lasiosphaeria. The Lasiosphaeriaceae either contains, or is closely related to, the family containing Neurospora and Sordaria. Representatives of the Sordariaceae will be included in our analyses to evaluate these generic and familial relationships. Ascospore morphology has been used extensively throughout the filamentous ascomycetes for distinguishing families and genera even though this one-character taxonomy has never been rigorously tested. This study will be the first to objectively test the evolutionary potential of this character system. Although many Lasiosphaeriaceae are encountered throughout temperate and tropical areas, identification guides are not available. With the aid of digital image capturing systems, this study will produce detailed hardcopy and web-based identification guides for taxa in the Lasiosphaeriaceae.