REVSYS: Monographing a Model Clade of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Laccaria-Hydnangium

REVSYS：专论外生菌根真菌的模型分支：Laccaria-Hydnangium

• 批准号: 0929242
• 负责人: Gregory Mueller
• 金额: $ 4.13万
• 依托单位: Chicago Horticultural Society
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-01-05 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0929242&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: REVSYS; Monographing; Model; Clade; Ectomycorrhizal

Ectomycorrhizal fungi play critical ecological roles in forests worldwide by forming beneficial symbiotic relationships with many kinds of trees. These symbiotic fungi absorb and transfer nutrients and water to the tree; as well, they reduce the incidence of root pathogens. In doing so they influence forest composition and succession, and certain of these fungi are routinely used in reforestation projects. However, many basic questions remain unanswered regarding the biology of the fungi that form ectomycorrhizae. Species of Laccaria and Hydnangium have been widely used as model taxa in research on this symbiotic relationship. Species in this group often form a major component of the fungal biota in forests dominated by Pinaceae, Fagaceae, Nothofagaceae, and Eucalyptus. Some species have been used extensively in experimental greenhouse and field studies of ectomycorrhizae. North American, European, and South American systematic treatments of Laccaria exist, and relatively much is now known about various aspects of the groups diversity and biology. However, knowledge of the group from Australasia is poor, identification tools and a world-wide taxonomic treatment do not exist, and further understanding of the biology of the Laccaria - Hydnangium group (e.g., relationships among species and overall diversity, geographic distribution, and host specificity on a global scale) remains stalled. This project address these critical questions by: (1) undertaking fieldwork in Australasia to complete sampling of ecological diversity, including studies of host tree specificity; (2) developing a rigorous classification of species relationships based upon DNA sequence data from both nuclear ribosomal markers and single-copy genes; (3) constructing web-based species-identification keys; and (4) completing a world monograph for the group that will be available in hard-copy and over the web. Collaboration and training are key aspects of this project. A postdoctoral associate will be involved with all aspects of the project, and the undergraduate student interns will gain valuable experience in collections-based research. Collaborators and their students in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea will participate in field work. The resulting monograph will be produced both in hardcopy and as a web-based tool with images and descriptive data linked to the phylogeny. Hard copy quick references (so-called "rapidFungi field guides") and other identification tools for particular geographic regions will also be produced, as these are popular and useful for students, citizen scientists, park rangers, and ecotourists. The data will be integrated into public education programs at the Field Museum that focus on biodiversity; including inclusion in the museum's electronic field-trip program.

外生菌根真菌通过与多种树木形成有益的共生关系，在世界范围内的森林中发挥着重要的生态作用。这些共生真菌吸收并将养分和水分输送到树木；此外，它们还减少了根部病原体的发病率。在这样做的过程中，它们影响森林的组成和演替，其中某些真菌经常用于重新造林项目。然而，关于形成外生菌根的真菌的生物学，许多基本问题仍未得到解答。在研究这种共生关系的过程中，拉螨属（Laccaria）和水螅属（Hydnangium）被广泛用作模式分类群。在以松科、壳斗科、野壳斗科和桉树为主的森林中，这一类群的物种通常是真菌生物群的主要组成部分。有些品种已广泛应用于温室试验和野外研究。北美、欧洲和南美存在拉螨的系统治疗方法，并且现在对群体多样性和生物学的各个方面了解相对较多。然而，澳大利亚对拉卡aria - Hydnangium类群的认识很差，没有鉴定工具和世界范围的分类处理，进一步了解拉卡aria - Hydnangium类群的生物学（例如，物种之间的关系和总体多样性，地理分布，以及全球范围内的宿主特异性）仍然停滞不前。本项目通过以下方式解决这些关键问题：(1)在澳大拉西亚进行实地调查，完成生态多样性采样，包括寄主树特异性研究；(2)基于核糖体标记和单拷贝基因的DNA序列数据，建立严格的物种关系分类；(3)构建基于网络的物种识别密钥；(4)为该组织完成一本世界专著，该专著将以硬拷贝和网络形式提供。协作和培训是这个项目的关键方面。博士后将参与项目的各个方面，本科生实习生将获得基于收集的研究的宝贵经验。合作者及其在澳大利亚、新西兰和巴布亚新几内亚的学生将参加实地工作。由此产生的专著将以硬拷贝和基于网络的工具制作，其中包含与系统发育有关的图像和描述性数据。印刷版快速参考资料（所谓的“快速真菌野外指南”）和其他特定地理区域的识别工具也将被制作出来，因为这些工具对学生、公民科学家、公园管理员和生态旅游者来说很受欢迎和有用。这些数据将被整合到菲尔德博物馆的公共教育项目中，重点关注生物多样性；包括加入博物馆的电子实地考察项目。