DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Population Dynamics and Species Diversity of Decomposers of Patchy Substrates

论文研究：斑块基质分解者的种群动态和物种多样性

• 批准号: 9623523
• 负责人: Gregory Mueller
• 金额: $ 1万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-06-01 至 1999-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9623523&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Population; Dynamics; Species

9623523 Mueller The objective of this research is to examine the population dynamics and species diversity of fungi which decompose resources, such as wood, leaves, or dung, which are distributed in discrete patches. Ecologists have concluded from models of consumer species (e.g., plants, herbivore, etc.) that patchiness can allow two species to coexist on a regional scale even if they cannot coexist on a local scale, but there has been no comparable work with decomposers. For this study, consumer based models have been altered to make them applicable to decomposers. The decomposer model predicts that within a patch the outcome of competition is controlled by (1) initial resource density of the patch, (2) resource requirements of the decomposer species, (3) the amount of energy a species needs to reproduce, and (4) the efficiency of the species at converting resources to stored energy. The outcome of competition over many patches is controlled by (1) the outcome of within patch competition, (2) the dispersal ability of the species involved, and (3) the rate of input of new patches into the environment. It can be inferred from the models that those factors which promote coexistence of two species will also promote the coexistence of multiple species and thus increase species diversity. A better understanding of competition between decomposers has many potential applications including: (1) developing strategies to fight economically harmful decomposers, (2) determining how competition affects nutrient cycling, which could potentially impact agricultural and bioremediation practices, and (3) developing methods for conserving species diversity.

本研究的目的是研究真菌的种群动态和物种多样性，这些真菌分解分布在离散斑块中的资源，如木材、树叶或粪便。生态学家从消费物种（如植物、草食动物等）的模型中得出结论，即使两种物种不能在局部范围内共存，但斑块性可以使它们在区域范围内共存，但在分解者方面还没有类似的研究。在这项研究中，基于消费者的模型已经被改变，使其适用于分解者。分解者模型预测，在一个斑块内，竞争结果受以下因素控制：(1)斑块的初始资源密度，(2)分解者物种的资源需求，(3)物种繁殖所需的能量，以及(4)物种将资源转化为储存能量的效率。多斑块间竞争的结果受以下因素控制：(1)斑块内竞争的结果；(2)相关物种的扩散能力；(3)新斑块输入环境的速率。从模型可以推断，促进两个物种共存的因素也会促进多个物种共存，从而增加物种多样性。更好地了解分解者之间的竞争有许多潜在的应用，包括：(1)制定对抗经济上有害的分解者的策略；(2)确定竞争如何影响养分循环，这可能会影响农业和生物修复实践；(3)开发保护物种多样性的方法。