PEET: Monographic Studies of Southeast Asian Saprotrophic Agaricales (Fungi)

腐养真菌在凋落物分解、养分循环和保持、土壤形成、抑制侵蚀的凋落物结合等方面发挥着重要的生态作用，也是无数动物的食物来源。此外，一些蘑菇物种对经济上重要的粮食作物造成广泛损害，而其他蘑菇物种则产生生物医学上重要的抗生素。了解这些分解者生物的多样性、生态作用和系统发育关系对于理解生态系统如何运作和持续是至关重要的，特别是在营养物质周转如此迅速的热带生态系统中。旧金山州立大学的Dennis Desjardin博士是一位真菌学家，在环太平洋地区，特别是印度尼西亚的蘑菇研究方面有着丰富的记录，他将对东南亚未开发地区的腐营养木耳（蘑菇）进行专题研究。特别强调将给予Marasmius属，Marasmiellus属和Mycena属，这是热带生态系统中最多样化但尚未得到充分研究的分解菌属。在东南亚发现的所有蘑菇物种中，约有25%属于这三个属，其中近三分之一是科学上的新物种。为了建立支持生物多样性研究的分类学基础，为系统发育分析和筛选生物医学上重要的化合物提供原料，专题研究是必要的。这个五年项目的中心重点是将传统形态学和生态学研究与分子系统发育分析相结合。对来自东南亚和美国的本科生和研究生的培训包括系统学、实验室和博物馆研究课程，以及在东南亚进行广泛的实地考察。数据文件的所有方面都将计算机化并在互联网上分发，包括标本数据库、分类和系统发育分析、命名法和书目数据库。与来自东南亚的同事和学生的合作将建立终身的伙伴关系，从而提高国际间的分类学专业知识。

Saprotrophic fungi play major ecological roles in litter decomposition, nutrient recycling and retention, soil genesis, litter binding that inhibits erosion, and as food sources for innumerable animals. Additionally, some mushroom species cause extensive damage to economically important food crops, while others produce biomedically important antibiotics. Understanding the diversity, ecological roles, and phylogenetic relationships of these decomposer organisms is essential to understanding how ecosystems function and persist, especially in tropical ecosystems where nutrient turnover is so rapid. Dr. Dennis Desjardin at San Francisco State University, a mycologist with a productive record of research on the mushrooms of the Pacific Rim and especially Indonesia, will conduct monographic studies of the saprotrophic agarics (gilled mushrooms) from underexplored regions of Southeast Asia. Special emphasis will be given to the genera Marasmius, Marasmiellus, and Mycena, which are the most diverse yetunderstudied genera of decomposer mushrooms in tropical ecosystems. Approximately 25% of all mushroom species encountered in Southeast Asiabelong to these three genera, and nearly one third of them represent species new to science. Monographic studies are imperative in order to build a taxonomic foundation to support biodiversity studies, and to provide raw materials for phylogenetic analyses and for the screening of biomedically important compounds. A central focus of this five-year project is on the integration of traditional morphological and ecological studies with molecular phylogenetic analyses. Training of undergraduate and graduate students from Southeast Asia and the US entails coursework in systematics, laboratory and museum studies, and extensive fieldwork in Southeast Asia. All aspects of data documentation will be computerized and Internet-distributed, including specimen databasing, taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, nomenclature and bibliographic databasing. Collaborations with colleagues and students from Southeast Asia will build lifelong partnerships that enhance taxonomic expertise across internationalborders.