BIOCOMPLEXITY: Development of Instrumentation for Measurement of Biosphere-Atmosphere Fluxes of Carbon and Nitrogen

将开发新的仪器来测量大气层和生物圈之间的痕量气体通量。基于间断涡流通量方法的测量系统将适用于塔架平台和机载平台。普渡大学将维持一套完整的空气通量系统，供生物圈/大气科学界使用。该技术还将用于不同应用的复制。间断涡流采样器（DES）将与能够量化稳定碳同位素比率的傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）系统相结合。这些测量提供了一种手段，将生态系统的二氧化碳净交换分为其总的组成部分，植被的光合吸收和植物和土壤的呼吸排放。DES系统还将用于量化挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的通量，通过将其与质子转移反应质谱仪（PTR-MS）相结合。在这个应用程序的重点将是在确定景观尺度通量。第三个应用领域是将DES与氮探测器耦合，用于确定大气中含氮物质的沉积速率。这种仪器的开发将提供本科生和研究生的研究培训机会。所有团队成员都是密歇根大学生物站NSF IGERT项目的参与者，并打算让IGERT学生参与该项目。从科学角度来看，这项工作的更广泛影响将是生物圈-大气交换领域，这是所有地球化学循环的组成部分。确定无机和有机物种在陆地和大气储层之间的准确转移率是一项至关重要的需要，以便能够可靠地预测全球气候的未来状况和大气的氧化能力。

Novel instrumentation will be developed to measure the fluxes of trace gases between the atmosphere and the biosphere. The measurement systems, based on disjunct eddy flux methods, will be applicable to both tower based and airborne platforms. A complete airborne flux system will be maintained at Purdue University and made available to the biosphere/atmosphere science community. The technology will also be made available for duplication for different applications. The Disjunct Eddy Sampler (DES) will be coupled with an Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) system capable of quantifying stable carbon isotope ratios. These measurements provide a means to partition the net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide into its gross components, photosynthetic uptake by vegetation and respiratory emissions by plants and soils. The DES system will also be employed to quantify fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by combining it with a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). Emphasis in this application will be in determining landscape scale fluxes. The third application area will be to couple the DES with nitrogen detectors for determination of deposition rates of atmospheric nitrogen containing species. The development of this instrumentation will provide undergraduate and graduate research training opportunities. All team members are participants in the NSF IGERT program at the University of Michigan Biological Station and intend to involve IGERT students in this project.Scientifically, the broader impact of this work will be in the area of biosphere-atmosphere exchange which is an integral part of all biogeochemical cycles. The determination of accurate transfer rates for inorganic and organic species between terrestrial and atmospheric reservoirs is a critically important need to enable reliable prediction of the future state of global climate and the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere.