ITR/PE: Universal access for situationally induced impairments: Modeling, prototyping, and evaluation

随着移动计算变得越来越普遍，用户在记录、检索和传输信息的地点和时间方面享有越来越大的灵活性；与此同时，使用这些设备的条件变得越来越多变，越来越难以预测，在许多情况下也越来越不友好。随着使用频率的增加，人们在光线不足、噪音不可预测或移动中（例如走路、开车）使用电脑。此外，移动设备经常导致用户中断正在进行的活动，以便执行基于计算机的次要任务：例如，个人在会议期间回复电子邮件，医生在与患者互动时查看手术室时间表，以及个人在驾驶时从车载导航系统中检索方向。本研究的目标是解决涉及到开发有效的计算机系统的问题，为个人经历这种情境引起的损伤（SII）。与残疾引起的损伤（DII）一样，SII存在于对用户的身体、认知或感知要求超出其能力的情况下。与DII不同，SII是临时的，由执行工作的环境或用户所从事的任务造成。通过这项研究，PI和他的团队将开发新的技术来识别和记录导致SII的因素，将确定开发解决SII的临时性和动态性的解决方案的方法，并将比较经历SII的个体与具有类似DII的个体的互动策略。

As mobile computing becomes more pervasive, users enjoy increased flexibility in terms of where and when they record, retrieve, and transmit information; at the same time, the conditions under which these devices are used are becoming more variable, less predictable, and in many situations less hospitable. With increasing frequency, computers are being used when lighting is poor, noise is unpredictable, or when the user is on the move (e.g., walking, driving a vehicle). In addition, mobile devices often cause users to interrupt an ongoing activity in order to perform secondary computer-based tasks: examples include individuals replying to e-mails during meetings, doctors reviewing operating room schedules while interacting with patients, and individuals retrieving directions from their in-vehicle navigation system while driving. The goal of this research is to address the issues involved in developing effective computer systems for individuals experiencing such situationally-induced impairments (SII). Like disability-induced impairments (DII), SII exist when the physical, cognitive, or perceptual demands placed on the user exceed their abilities. Unlike DII, SII are temporary, resulting from the environment in which the work is being performed or the tasks in which the user is engaged. Through this research, the PI and his team will develop new techniques for identifying and documenting the factors that contribute to SII, will identify methods for developing solutions that address the temporary and dynamic nature of SII, and will compare the interaction strategies of individuals experiencing SII to those of individuals with comparable DII.