Encoding the Criminal: Criminology, Science, and the State in Modernizing Argentina (1880-1921)

该项目以PI的档案实地调查和对世纪之交阿根廷犯罪学的初步分析为基础，记录其在国家实践中的兴起和应用。它整合了新的可用资源，将其与更广泛的国家和地区的政治和法律历史联系起来。它审查了犯罪学理论对法律和立法的影响，以及旨在规范和纪律阿根廷现代化背景下的越轨行为的国家政策。它考察了犯罪学理论在四个关键领域的实际应用：警务中的新识别技术、监狱纪律的科学改革、实证犯罪学对1902年和1910年“社会防卫”法中国家立法的影响、国家刑法现代化运动。《罪犯的编码》结合了两种方法，科学史和拉丁美洲史。它系统地关注阿根廷科学家的贡献，以及他们的思想对当地发展以及对更大范围的国际科学思想的影响。该项目是一个新兴的历史研究领域的一部分，研究科学、政治和文化之间的相互作用。它提供了在科学、技术和社会研究中通常不被考虑的新数据和重要视角。该项目有助于更广泛地讨论科学对国家政策和法律的作用。它阐明了公众关于科学在确定犯罪原因和治疗方面的作用的辩论。

This project builds on the PI's archival fieldwork and initial analysis of turn-of-the-century Argentine criminology, to document its rise and application in state practices. It incorporates newly available sources that connect it to the broader political and legal history of the nation and region. It examines the impact of criminological theory on law and legislation and state policies intended to regulate and discipline deviant behavior in the context of modernizing Argentina. It examines the practical application of criminological theories in four key areas: New techniques of identification in policingThe scientific reform of prison disciplineThe impact of positivist criminology on national legislation in the "social defense" laws of 1902 and 1910The campaign to modernize the national Criminal Code. Encoding the Criminal unites two approaches, the history of science, and Latin American history. It focuses systematically on the contributions of Argentine scientists, and the impact of their ideas on local developments as well as on a larger body of international scientific thought. The project is part of an emerging field of historical inquiry that examines the interaction between science, politics, and culture. It provides new data and an important perspective not often taken into account in studies of science, technology and society. The project contributes to broader discussions of the role of science on state policy and law. It illuminates public debates about the role of science in determining the causes and treatments of crime.