SGER: The Geographical Dimensions of Terrorism: A Research Agenda for the Discipline

2001年9月11日，恐怖分子对世界贸易中心和五角大楼的袭击引发了对恐怖主义脆弱性的本质和对环境、生物、化学和恐怖主义安全威胁的社会反应的更普遍性质的直接和长期关注。由于不同的科学界已经评估了恐怖袭击和随后通过邮件传播炭疽病毒所揭示的“新现实”，地理学家已经确定了广泛的方法，他们可以通过这些方法更深入地了解恐怖主义的原因、后果和应对措施。这项探索性研究小额赠款将通过两套相关的活动，扩大对与恐怖主义有关的研究的地理层面的审查。首先，来自纽约城市大学亨特学院、科罗拉多-丹佛大学和南卡罗来纳大学的教师和学生将开展一个试点项目，以评估地理信息在紧急管理和应对世贸中心袭击中的作用和效用。这项试点研究将简要总结关于在灾害应对中使用地理技术的知识基础以及迄今为止所学到的知识。它将评估当地在提供空间数据以支持救援、救济和恢复工作方面的经验；它还将包括一项更广泛的调查，内容是在灾难发生后的头三周内，在紧急反应阶段使用地理技术。将结合网络资源、媒体报道和个人采访来收集必要的数据。该项目的第二部分将包括在2001年底或2002年初举办一次讲习班，拟订一项关于恐怖主义的地理层面的更实质性的研究议程。以试点研究为讨论背景，通过现有研究和研讨会组织者评估的提交材料确定的参与者将制定一个总体研究议程，提供一套明确的研究主题、需求和任务。该议程将广泛散发给地理研究界和有关学科。研讨会的成果包括：出版一本关于为研讨会准备的材料的书或文章，建立多机构研究合作，以及加强该学科的研究基础设施，以解决重要的公共政策需求和问题。这个项目既有眼前的好处，也有长远的好处。这项试点研究将整合有关地理信息技术在应对“9·11”袭击中使用方式的知识，并将解决与预测和应对灾难性事件相关的更广泛问题。该研讨会将提供一个论坛，以制定更充分明确的研究议程，并将成为促进学术研究人员、私营部门从业人员以及联邦、州和地方政府官员之间对话的场所。由此产生的议程和扩大的网络应有助于地理学家应对这一紧迫的国家关切的能力。

The September 11,2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon prompted immediate and longer-term concerns about the nature of vulnerabilities to terrorism and the more general nature of societal responses to environmental, biological, chemical, and terrorist security threats. As different scientific communities have assessed the "new realities" revealed by the terrorist attacks and subsequent promulgation of anthrax through the mails, geographers have identified a broad range of ways in which they can contribute to deeper understandings of the causes, consequences, and responses to terrorism. This Small Grant for Exploratory Research will expand the examination of geographic dimensions of terrorism-related research through two related sets of activities. First, faculty and students from Hunter College of the City University of New York, the University of Colorado-Denver, and the University of South Carolina will conduct a pilot project to assess the role and utility of geographic information in emergency management and response to the World Trade Center attack. This pilot study will briefly summarize the knowledge base on the use of geographic technology in hazards response and what has been learned to date. It will evaluate local experiences in providing spatial data in support of rescue, relief, and recovery efforts; and it will include a broader survey on the use of geographical technologies during the immediate-response phase for the first three weeks following the disaster. A combination of web-based sources, media accounts, and personal interviews will be used to gather the necessary data. The second part of this project will include the conduct of a workshop during late 2001 or early 2002 to formulate a more substantive research agenda on the geographical dimensions of terrorism. Using the pilot study as a backdrop for discussion, participants identified through their extant research and from submissions evaluated by workshop organizers will develop a general research agenda that provides a clearly focused set of research themes, needs, and tasks. The agenda will be widely disseminated to the geographic research community and to related disciplines. The outcomes of the workshop include: a published book or article on the material prepared for the workshop, establishment of multi-institutional research collaboratives, and the enhancement of the research infrastructure of the discipline to address important public policy needs and issues.This project will have both immediate and longer-term benefits. The pilot study will coalesce knowledge about the ways that geographic information technologies were used in response to the September 11 attacks, and it will address wider-ranging issues associated with the anticipation of and responses to cataclysmic events. Th workshop will provide a forum for the development of a more fully articulated research agenda, and it will be a setting to stimulate dialogue among academic researchers, private-sector practitioners, and federal, state, and local government officials. The resulting agenda and expanded networks should facilitate the capabilities of geographers to respond to this pressing national concern.