Collaborative Research: INSTANT, International Nusantara STratification ANd Transport Program

印尼通流（ITF）将两个海洋连接起来，从而为改变这两个海洋内部的分层以及影响ENSO和亚洲季风等气候现象的海气通量提供了一条途径。虽然最近在印度尼西亚地区开展了一些测量计划，但一个严重的缺点是它们缺乏时间一致性：数据涵盖了连接太平洋和印度洋的复杂路径的不同通道的不同时间段和深度。这导致了ITF的平均和可变性质的模糊性，以及内海温盐和输送剖面的转变。由6个国家（美国、法国、荷兰、澳大利亚、印度尼西亚、日本）共同参与的INSTANT项目，最终将以协调的方式同时测量关键通道（望加锡海峡、Lifamatola海峡、龙目岛海峡、Ombai海峡和帝汶通道）的ITF。测量时间跨度为3年，从2003年8月开始。INSTANT的目标是：1)确定通流的全深度、速度和性质结构及其相关的热量和淡水通量；(2)分析了ITF的年、季、季内输运特征和性质通量；3)研究印尼海内部ITF水的储存和改造，从其太平洋源特征到印尼出口到印度洋的通流水；4)为创新及科技基金设计具成本效益的长期监察策略。INSTANT的知识价值和更广泛的影响是很明显的：将获得一个关于ITF的定量观点，这将为长期的“代理”监测系统奠定基础，这是捕捉ITF低频变化所必需的。ITF水域在全球温盐环流和气候信号及其异常的盆地间转移中发挥着不可或缺的作用。对更广泛的海洋学社区的好处将是最终允许在海洋和气候模型中忠实地模拟ITF。此外，INSTANT还将涉及研究生教育，并将为印度尼西亚和美国的本科生提供研究机会和培训。

0219782/0220382 Gordon/SprintallThe Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) links two oceans and in so doing provides a pathway for modifying the stratification within each of these oceans as well as sea-air fluxes that impact on such climate phenomena as ENSO and the Asian Monsoon. While a number of measurement programs have recently been undertaken in the Indonesian region, a serious shortcoming is their lack of temporal coherence: the data cover different time periods and depths in the different passages of the complex pathways linking the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This has lead to ambiguity of the mean and variable nature of the ITF, and of the transformation of the thermohaline and transport profiles within the interior seas. The INSTANT program, involving contributions of 6 countries (USA, France, Netherlands, Australia, Indonesia, Japan), will finally measure in a coordinated fashion the ITF in the key throughflow passages (Makassar Strait, Lifamatola Passage, Lombok Strait, Ombai Strait and Timor Passage) simultaneously. The measurements span a 3 year period beginning in August 2003. The INSTANT objectives are: 1) To determine the full depth velocity and property structure of the Throughflow and its associated heat and freshwater flux; 2) To resolve the annual, seasonal, and intraseasonal characteristics of the ITF transport and property flux; 3) To investigate the storage and modification of the ITF waters within the internal Indonesian seas, from their Pacific source characteristics to the Indonesian Throughflow water exported into the Indian Ocean; and 4) To contribute to the design of a cost-effective, long-term monitoring strategy for the ITF. The intellectual merit and broader impact of INSTANT is clear: a quantitative view of the ITF will be gained and this will establish the basis for a long term "proxy" monitoring system, as required to capture the low frequency ITF variability. The ITF waters are known to play an integral part in the global thermohaline circulation and in the inter-basin transfer of climate signals and their anomalies. The benefit to the broader oceanographic community will be to finally allow the ITF to be faithfully simulated within ocean and climate models. In addition, INSTANT will involve education for a graduate student, and will offer research opportunities and training to undergraduates in both Indonesia and the US.