The Role of Ecosystem Dynamics on the Global Ocean Carbon Cycle: A JGOFS Model-Data Synthesis

该项目旨在更好地量化海洋生态系统动态对全球海洋碳循环的作用，特别侧重于海气二氧化碳交换、净群落生产和垂直出口。该研究的动机是由两个相关的假设：多营养限制（N，P，Si，Fe）调节浮游植物生物量和初级生产，社区结构，和生物源碳输出，社区结构控制的元素组成的出口溶解和颗粒物质，地下生物地球化学运输，矿化和封存的主要决定因素。 在这个项目中，一组精心设计的数值实验将使用全球三维耦合生态-地球化学-物理模式运行。该项目直接建立在全球混合层生态系统模型的最新进展和具体发现/问题的基础上，该模型包括明确的铁限制和群落结构，全深度三维海洋碳循环模型和历史后投模拟具体而言，活动的目标是：完成下一代全球三维生态-地球化学-物理模型的开发，其中包括多营养限制和明确的地球化学功能群（微微浮游生物，硅藻，束毛藻，o对照区域JGOFS数据集、大尺度表面pCO 2和营养物场，o根据世界海洋环流实验/联合全球海洋观测框架全球调查数据，评估所产生的模式在复制整个深度、碳、氧和营养物的平衡分布方面的技能。该研究直接解决了美国JGOFS合成和建模项目（SMP）的总体目标，将现有知识合成为可用于预测的全球数值模型，以及SMP计划公告中强调的两个主要研究轨迹：“将海洋碳循环的生物、物理和化学组成部分联系在一起的全球和区域研究”和“有效结合联合收割机现场数据集和诊断及预测（远期）模型的综合和建模工作”。

This project seeks to better quantify the role of marine ecosystem dynamics on the global ocean carbon cycle, focusing in particular on air-sea CO2 exchange, net community production, and vertical export. The research is motivated by two related hypotheses: multi-nutrient limitation (N, P, Si, Fe) modulates phytoplankton biomass and primary production, community structure, and biogenic carbon export, community structure governs the elemental composition of the exported dissolved and particulate material, major determinants of subsurface biogeochemical transport, remineralization, and sequestration. In this project a carefully designed set of numerical experiments will be run using a global 3-D coupled ecological-biogeochemical-physical model. The project directly builds upon recent progress and specific findings/questions from a global mixed layer ecosystem model that includes explicit iron limitation and community structure, a full depth 3-D ocean carbon cycle model, and historical hind-cast simulations (1958-1997) of ocean physical circulation Specifically, the goals of the activity are to: o Complete development of a next generation, global 3-D ecological-biogeochemical-physical model that includes multi-nutrient limitation and explicit geochemical functional groups (picoplankton, diatoms, Trichodesmium, and coccolithophores).o Evaluate and iteratively improve on the simulated upper ocean ecosystem dynamics against regional JGOFS data sets, large-scale surface pCO2 and nutrient fields, and satellite ocean color data using retrospective, historical simulations for the period 1988-2000.o Assess the skill of the resulting model in replicating the full depth, equilibrium distributions of carbon, oxygen and nutrients against the WOCE/JGOFS global survey data.o Test the ecological and biogeochemical impact of dust deposition, calcification, nitrogen fixation, and silica production by selective modifications to the base coupled solution.The study directly addresses the overall goal of the U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP), to synthesize present knowledge into global numerical models that can be used for prediction, as well as two of the major research trajectories highlighted in the SMP program announcement: "global and regional studies that link together the biological, physical, and chemical components of the marine carbon cycle" and "synthesis and modeling efforts that effectively combine field data sets and diagnostic and prognostic (forward) models".