DOCTORAL DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Constraints on Structural Borrowing in a Multilingual Contact Situation

在Gillian Sankoff博士的指导下，Tara Sanchez女士将为她的博士论文进行实地考察。她将用克里奥尔语（Papiamentu）采访加勒比海岛屿阿鲁巴、博内尔和库拉索的居民。大多数居民也说荷兰语、英语和西班牙语。这些访谈，连同从1776年至今的书面文本，将用于研究从一种语言到另一种语言的“借用”。最常见的借用是词语的借用。另一种是语言结构的借用，如词序模式或动词屈折。本项目强调后者。Sanchez女士将使用定量方法（例如多变量分析）来解释对借用词形变化使用模式的影响（来自西班牙语并受英语影响的“-ndo”，来自荷兰语的“he-”，来自西班牙语和荷兰语的被动动词“ser ”、“wordu ”和“keda”）。她还将研究用于各种语用效果的词序模式，以及这些模式如何也反映了岛上其他语言的影响。这个项目将做出两项重大贡献。首先是理论层面：研究将阐明语言结构和社会因素是如何影响借用的。第二是实证：研究小组将向公众提供书面文本和口头访谈的数据库。这些将通过宾夕法尼亚大学语言数据联盟出版。该出版物将提供难以获得的数据，使对语言感兴趣的岛民和各种学者都受益。这项研究涉及加勒比社会科学和历史以及理论和应用语言学，特别是社会语言学和克里奥尔语研究。

Under the direction of Dr. Gillian Sankoff, Ms. Tara Sanchez will conduct fieldwork for her doctoral dissertation. She will interview residents of the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao in the creole language Papiamentu. Most residents also speak Dutch, English, and Spanish. These interviews, along with written texts dating from 1776 to the present, will be used in research on "borrowing" from one language to another. The most familiar kind of borrowing is the borrowing of words. Another kind is the borrowing of linguistic structure, such as word order patterns or verb inflections. This project emphasizes the latter. Ms. Sanchez will use quantitative methods (e.g., multivariate analysis) to interpret influences on the usage patterns of borrowed inflections ("-ndo" from Spanish and influenced by English, "he-" from Dutch, passive verbs "ser," "wordu," and "keda" from Spanish and Dutch). She will also examine word order patterns used for various pragmatic effects, and how these may also reflect influences from the other languages spoken on the islands.This project will make two significant contributions. The first is theoretical: The research will clarify how language structure and social factors affect borrowing. The second is empirical: The research team will make databases of the written texts and oral interviews available to the public. These will be published through the Linguistic Data Consortium of the University of Pennsylvania. This publication will provide access to otherwise hard-to-come-by data, benefiting both islanders interested in language and various scholars. The research bears on Caribbean social science and history as well as theoretical and applied linguistics particularly in sociolinguistics and creole studies.