Information Leakage from Logically Equivalent Frames

框架效应被认为发生在对对象或结果的“等价”重新描述导致不同的偏好或判断时。 例如，当描述为导致“75%存活率”而不是“25%死亡率”时，医学治疗将被视为更有利。“这种影响传统上被认为是不合理的。 然而，PI进行的初步研究表明，即使在逻辑上等同的属性框架也可以隐含地传达或“泄漏”规范相关的信息。 例如，发言者更有可能选择“75%的生存率”框架来描述新的治疗结果，如果它导致更高，而不是更低，相对于旧的治疗方法的生存率。 此外，听众“吸收”了这些泄露的信息：当新的治疗方法被描述为生存率而不是死亡率时，他们更有可能推断出旧的治疗方法导致了较低的生存率。 本研究的目的是加深和拓宽我们对信息泄漏在框架效应中的作用的理解。 框架效应，而不是非理性的行为，可能反而表明行为是理性的，更丰富，比以前认为的更具适应性。

Framing effects are said to occur when "equivalent" redescriptions of objects or outcomes lead to different preferences or judgments. For example, a medical treatment will be seen more favorably when described as resulting in "75% survival" rather than "25% mortality." Such effects have traditionally been seen as irrational. However, preliminary research conducted by the PI has shown that even logically equivalent attribute frames can implicitly convey, or "leak," normatively relevant information. For instance, speakers were more likely to select the "75% survival" frame to describe a new treatment outcome if it led to a higher, rather than a lower, survival rate relative to an old treatment. Moreover, listeners "absorbed" this leaked information: They were more likely to infer that the old treatment led to a lower survival rate when the new treatment was described in terms of % survival rather than % mortality. The objective of the proposed research is to deepen and broaden our understanding of the role of information leakage in framing effects. Framing effects, rather than indicating irrational behavior, may instead indicate behavior that is rational, much richer, and more adaptive than previously thought.