Post-Collapse Transformations in Late Prehispanic Nasca

在国家科学基金会的支持下，克里斯蒂娜·康利博士将在秘鲁的纳斯卡进行三次考古研究。纳斯卡山谷位于秘鲁南部沙漠沿海地区，位于安第斯山脉的山麓。国家崩溃后的时期是一个充满活力的时期，社会被重组，新的社会、政治和经济组织出现。 尽管在这些时期发生了重要的转变，但缺乏关于社会在一段时间的破坏后如何进行改革的考古研究。这个项目的重点是测试的假设，即瓦里帝国的崩溃促进了精英活动的变化，并改变了纳斯卡地区的权力基础和关系。 其结果是在随后的中晚期（公元1000-1476年）发展出一种全新的社会类型。该模型将通过在La Tiza遗址的调查进行测试，La Tiza是中晚期纳斯卡最大的定居点，可能是排水系统的政治资本。三个季节的挖掘和分析旨在：1）确定精英与非精英的国内领域; 2）调查社会/政治等级的各个层次; 3）确定精英与哪些活动有关并通过哪些活动行使权力。 重建将从现场确定的四种不同类型的家庭建筑以及包括墓地、仪式瞭望区和讲习班在内的专门活动区恢复信息。将根据现场收集的数据进行各种分析。 这些包括对建筑，陶瓷制造和分销（包括化学成分研究），食物残留，声望项目和交换模式的分析。该项目小组将包括各种人员，包括一名秘鲁联合主任、秘鲁考古学家、来自美国和秘鲁的学生以及来自两国的专家。该项目将有助于对社会变革和复杂社会的发展进行一般性研究。特别是，它将涉及在国家崩溃和地方混乱一段时间后发生的变化类型。用于研究这些转变的方法包括对崩溃、精英机构和权力的考虑，并将建立在不同地区和不同时期针对这些问题进行的其他研究的基础上。该项目更广泛的影响是，它强调秘鲁和美国考古学家和学生之间的合作，并将为两国的专业人员和学生提供重要的培训。该项目的成果将通过西班牙文和英文的介绍和书面文章向学者和公众广泛传播。

With National Science Foundation support Dr. Christina Conlee will conduct three field seasons of archaeological research in Nasca, Peru at the late prehispanic site of La Tiza. The Nasca Valley is located in the southern desert coastal region of Peru at the foothills of the Andes. The period following state collapse is a dynamic time in which societies are restructured and new types of social, political, and economic organization emerge. Despite the important transformations that occur during these periods there is a lack of archaeological study on how societies reform after a time of disruption. This project is focused on testing the hypothesis that the collapse of the Wari empire facilitated changes in elite activities and transformed the foundations and relations of power in the Nasca region. The result was the development of a fundamentally new type of society in the following Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000-1476). This model will be tested through investigations at the site of La Tiza, the largest settlement in Nasca during the Late Intermediate Period and probably the political capital of the drainage. Three seasons of excavations and analyses are designed to: 1) identify elite versus non-elite domestic areas; 2) investigate the various levels of the social/political hierarchy; and 3) establish what activities elites were associated with and wielded power through. Excavations will recover information from four different types of domestic architecture that have been identified at the site and from specialized activity areas that include cemeteries, ritual lookout areas, and workshops. Various types of analyses will be undertaken from the data collected at the site. These include an analysis of architecture, ceramic manufacturing and distribution (including chemical compositional studies), food remains, prestige items, and exchange patterns. The project team will include a variety of personnel including a Peruvian co-director, Peruvian archaeologists, students from the United States and Peru, and specialists from both countries. This project will contribute to general studies of social transformations and the development of complex societies. In particular, it will address the types of changes that take place after a period of state collapse and local disruption. The approach used to study these transformations includes a consideration of collapse, elite agency, and power and will build on other studies conducted in different regions and time periods that have addressed these issues. The broader impacts of this project are that it emphasizes collaboration between Peruvian and American archaeologists and students, and will provide important training for professionals and students from both countries. The results of this project will be disseminated widely to both scholars and the general public through presentations and written articles in both Spanish and English.