Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Explaining and Designing Transitional Justice after the Third Wave of Democratization

这篇论文的提案研究了两个发展中民主国家公共部门工作的政治支持交换。通过分析阿根廷和土耳其的公共就业政治，研究者将揭示政治和社会经济因素如何塑造政治家（政党）以特殊方式分配公共工作的动机和能力，而不是遵循功绩和教育等普遍标准。该研究的智力贡献源于其努力解决现有文献中的经验和理论局限性。从经验上看，以往研究中的因变量要么表述模糊，要么表述过于宽泛。本研究将更明确和具体地将因变量定义为“政治支持的公共工作的特殊分配”。从理论上讲，在分析导致这种交换的政治和社会经济因素时，文献未能区分不同类型的政治支持。因此，这导致了识别解释变量的不准确性。为了填补这一空白，本研究区分了两种类型的政治支持：公民在选举中的投票和党内其他党员的支持。通过分析受惠者为党员时的党内政治和将工作交给选民时的选举政治，本研究将引入文献中被忽视的解释变量。该项目提出，劳动市场结构和党内政治组织是公共职位分配中延续特殊主义和偏袒的两个最重要的变量。这些假设的实证分析将包括对两国的地区层面的统计分析和对党员的访谈。这项研究的更广泛的影响发生在以下几个方面。除了理论目标之外，本研究还将建立一个数据库，其中包括阿根廷和土耳其两个国家的地区一级社会经济和政治变量。在政治科学中越来越多地使用跨国家不同地理位置的统计分析方法。然而，这是最近的发展，大多数国家缺乏地区一级数据的系统收集。在土耳其等一些国家，这实际上是完全缺失的。这项研究填补了这一空白，为两个国家提供了这样一个数据库。因此，该项目的另一个更广泛的影响将是提供一个数据库，使今后对这两个国家的研究更加容易。

This dissertation proposal examines the exchange of public sector jobs for political support in two developing democracies. By analyzing the politics of public employment in Argentina and Turkey, the investigator will shed light on how political and socio-economic factors shape incentives and abilities of politicians (parties) to distribute public jobs in a particularistic manner rather than following universalistic criteria like merit and education.The intellectual contribution of the research stems from its efforts to address both empirical and theoretical limitations in the existing literature. Empirically, the dependent variable in the previous research was presented either ambiguously or too broadly. This research will define the dependent variable more clearly and specifically as "the particularistic distribution of public jobs for political support". Theoretically, the literature has failed to differentiate between different types of political support while analyzing the political and socio-economic factors that lead to this type of exchange. Consequently, this led to inaccuracies in identifying the explanatory variables. To fill this gap, this research differentiates between two types of political support: votes from the citizens in the elections and support within a party by other party members. Through the analysis of intra-party politics when the recipient of the favor is a party member and of electoral politics when the job is given to a voter, this research will introduce explanatory variables that have been neglected in the literature. The project proposes the labor market structure and the organization of the intra-party politics as the two most important variables that perpetuate particularism and favoritism in the allocation of public jobs. The empirical analysis of thesehypotheses will include district level statistical analysis for both countries and interviews with party members.The broader impact of this research occurs in the following ways. In addition to the theoretical goals, this research will construct a database that includes district level socio-economic and political variables for two countries, Argentina and Turkey. The method of statistical analysis across different geographical locations within a country is increasingly being used in political science. It is a recent development, however, and systematic collection of district level data is lacking for most countries. It is actually completely missing for some countries like Turkey. This research fills this gap by providing such a database for two countries. As such, another broader impact of the project will be to provide a database that will make future research on these two countries easier.