Space Weather: Predicting the Heliosphere

这项研究的目的是建立一个概念框架，将太阳表面的磁通量出现与上覆太阳大气和太阳风的演变联系起来。这将通过发展一个物理理论来完成，从而建立一个基于该理论的可用模型，该模型描述了太阳上磁通量的出现与日球层形成之间的耦合。这项工作的关键前提是在闭合磁场环路和开放磁场线之间的磁重联。这导致(i)磁通量的输运，（ii）封闭和开放磁场区域的演化，（iii）日冕等离子体的非热加热，以及（iv）太阳风的加速和结构。将检查链中的每一步，并对所涉及的过程进行定量预测。这些预测将与观察结果进行比较和测试，从而为这个复杂的系统产生一个概念性的、物理上直观的范式。

The aim of this investigation is to fashion a conceptual framework for connecting magnetic flux emergence at the solar surface with the evolution of the overlying solar atmosphere and the solar wind. This will be accomplished by developing a physical theory, and thus a usable model based on this theory, which describes the coupling between the emergence of magnetic flux on the sun and the formation of the heliosphere. The critical premise of the effort is magnetic reconnection between closed-field loops and open field lines. This leads to (i) transport of magnetic flux, (ii) evolution of closed and open field regions, (iii) non-thermal heating of the coronal plasma, and (iv) acceleration and structuring of the solar wind. Each step in the chain will be examined and a quantitative prediction made of the processes involved. These predictions will be compared with observations and tested, thereby producing a conceptual, and physically intuitive, paradigm for this complex system.