FOR 1447: Physicochemical-based Models for the Prediction of Safety-Relevant Ignition Processes

与期望的点火过程(如内燃机点火)不同，人们对不期望的点火过程了解较少，尽管它们在安全工程中很重要。与安全有关的参数和特征，如最小点火能量、可燃性极限等，在很大程度上是基于纯粹的经验发现。为了避免可能导致严重经济损失和对人的危害的不必要的点火过程(如炼油厂的爆炸)，有必要详细了解潜在的物理化学过程。只有这样，才有可能找到防止点火过程的新方法。在研究股，将调查点火系统中的物理化学过程，重点是最初的点火过程，而爆炸(或爆炸)的后续传播和相关的损害机制不在调查范围之内。在不同点火源实验研究的基础上，建立了基于详细的物理化学子模型(详细的化学动力学、详细的输运模型、详细的能量传递模型)的总体模型。将介绍几种不同的点火过程：高温自动点火、机械火花点火、电放电点火、热自由喷射点火。为了验证和验证所建立的模型，对这些过程进行了实验研究。其他项目研究与点火过程相关的元素反应，并研究湍流流场对点火过程的影响。

Unlike desired ignition processes (such as ignition in internal combustion engines) undesirable ignition processes are less well understood despite their importance in safety engineering. Safety-related parameters and characteristics, such as minimum ignition energies, flammability limits etc., are based in large part on purely empirical findings. In order to avoid unwanted ignition processes (such as explosions in refineries) that can lead to serious economic loss and hazard to persons, a detailed understanding of the underlying physical-chemical processes is necessary. Only in this way it is possible to derive new approaches to prevent ignition processes. In the Research Unit the physical-chemical processes in igniting systems will be investigated, where the focus is on the initial ignition process, whereas the subsequent propagation of the explosion (or detonation) and the associated damage mechanisms are not subject of the investigations. Based on experimental studies with different ignition sources, an overall model will be developed based on detailed physical-chemical sub-models (detailed chemical kinetics, detailed transport models, detailed models for the energy transfer). Several different ignition processes will be covered: auto-ignition at high temperatures, ignition by mechanical sparks, ignition by electrical discharges, ignition by hot free jets. These processes are studied experimentally to verify and validate the developed models. Other projects investigate elementary reactions relevant for ignition processes, and examine the influence of turbulent flow fields on the ignition process.