Global Analysis of the Maize Genome: Relating Genes and DNA Sequences to Chromosome Regions

这项植物基因组计划旨在为构建玉米基因组的细胞学物理图谱并将该图谱与其他研究人员正在构建的遗传和DNA物理图谱相关联提供“概念证明”。一个主要目标将是在该项目的三年期间每年建造50个新的B-A-A易位种群。这些新的细胞遗传学群体将利用玉米特有的两种宝贵资源：一大批A-A相互易位(染色体末端区域相互交换)的集合，以及一组简单的B-A易位群体。后一种易位涉及正常的A染色体和多余的B染色体之间的交换。这些群体在花粉形成过程中表现出特殊的细胞分裂，因此它们可以用来沿着染色体臂定位基因。通过在同一植物中将这两种类型的易位结合在一起，就有可能获得含有它们之间重组子的后代。由此产生的新的B-A-A复合易位将用于将选定的玉米染色体细分为细胞学定义的小区域。分析将集中在染色体臂1S、5S、6L和10S，但也将包括其他区域。预计新的B-A-A类股将出现较高水平的复苏。此外，还将使用分子作图技术，利用已在这些作图上确定的分子探针，将细胞学定义的染色体区域与玉米的遗传和物理作图配对。到该项目的第三年，新的B-A-A库存将得到核实，估计将有60至80个库存存放在玉米袜子中心，以便分发给感兴趣的调查人员。正在创建一个网址www.BATrans.und.edu，公众可以在那里获得该项目的信息，包括访问新的B-A-A股票的地图数据。该项目将通过提供一套强大的细胞遗传学分析工具，并证明它们在玉米基因组的分子图谱和单个基因在狭义染色体片段的分子细胞遗传学定位中的有用性，来帮助实现整个玉米群体的目标。该项目将扩大美国印第安人学生对生物学的参与，并将加强北达科他州大学的研究基础设施。通过将所有成果和交付成果公之于众，该项目将满足社会对自由和开放的科学交流的需求。

This Plant Genome project aims to provide "proof of concept" for constructing a cytological physical map of the maize genome and relating this map to the genetic and DNA physical maps being constructed by other investigators. A major goal will be to construct 50 new B-A-A translocation stocks each year over the three-year course of the project. These new cytogenetic stocks will utilize two valuable resources unique to maize: a large collection of A-A reciprocal translocations (where terminal regions of chromosome have exchanged with each other), and a collection of simple B-A translocation stocks. These latter translocations involve exchanges between the normal A chromosomes and the supernumerary B chromosomes. These stocks exhibit a peculiar cell division during pollen formation so that they can be used to locate genes along the chromosome arms. By bringing these two types of translocations together in the same plants it will be possible to obtain progeny containing recombinants between them. The resulting new B-A-A compound translocations will be used to subdivide selected maize chromosomes into small cytologically defined regions. The analysis will focus on chromosome arms 1S, 5S, 6L and 10S but will also include other regions. A high level of recovery of new B-A-A stocks expected. In addition, molecular mapping techniques will be used to align the cytologically defined chromosome regions to the genetic and physical maps of maize using molecular probes already identified on these maps. By the third year of the project the new B-A-A stocks will have been verified and an estimated 60 to 80 should be deposited at the Maize Sock Center for distribution to interested investigators. A Web address is being created www.BAAtrans.und.edu where the public can get information on the project including accessing mapping data for the new B-A-A stocks. This project will aid the overall maize community objectives by providing a powerful set of cytogenetic analytical tools and by proving their usefulness in both the molecular mapping of the maize genome and in the molecular cytogenetic localization of individual genes to narrowly defined chromosome segments. This project will broaden the participation of American Indian students in biology and it will strengthen the research infrastructure at the University of North Dakota. By placing all results and deliverables in the public domain this project will serve society's need for free and open scientific communication.