Collaborative Research: Testing and Analyses of Nonrectangular Walls Under Multi-Directional Loads

合作研究：多方向荷载作用下非矩形墙的测试和分析-- CMS 0324504 PI：Cathy French，明尼苏达大学该项目代表了一个合作的分析、实验和教育努力，以研究非矩形结构墙在多方向荷载作用下的行为。非矩形结构墙通常用于抵抗侧向荷载和限制位于中强地震区的结构系统的变形。虽然这种墙系统旨在抵抗沿着建筑物的正交轴的横向力，但是由于实验能力的限制，过去的研究仅限于这些系统的单向研究，因此开发用于描述其行为的数值模型已被校准到该有限的数据。拟议的项目采用了NSF乔治E的第一个应用程序之一。小布朗，美国明尼苏达大学地震工程模拟网络（NEES）大型试验设施--多轴子组件试验（MAST）系统，实现了多方向的试验要求。该设施是理想的调查，因为它是能够六度自由度（6-DOF）的控制，包括能够指定力矩剪切剖面围绕每个正交轴，以模拟施加到墙壁系统的横向力的分布。可以预见，多方向荷载将对这些非矩形墙系统的性能产生重大影响，因为它们旨在抵抗侧向力并限制沿着建筑物正交轴的变形。来自明尼苏达大学、爱荷华州州立大学、波多黎各大学和Nakaki Basketball集团公司的研究人员合作小组，位于加州尔湾的一家咨询公司，在实验、分析、设计实践和教育方面结合了优势和资源，所有这些都是拟议调查的重要组成部分。所有合作研究人员将远程参与实验，包括测试的操作，该测试将与爱荷华州州立大学。 智力优势：该项目建立在合作研究团队的综合实力和新的实验能力，以调查地震区的关键结构元素，非矩形结构墙。在这个项目中开发的分析和实验研究，预计将导致更好的理解的行为，分析技术，和非矩形墙系统的设计。该项目还将建议对现行建筑规范中建议的非矩形墙构件的设计和细节进行适当修改。 更广泛的影响：该项目有一个重要的教育组成部分，计划将测试和模拟纳入三所合作大学的课程，包括代表性不足的群体的参与。执业工程师从项目一开始就参与其中，并与主要研究者沿着参与美国混凝土协会建筑规范的制定，确保适当的研究结果可以直接转化为实践，并改进非矩形结构墙的详细建议。因此，该项目将改善地震地区的国家基础设施。预计该项目的结果将为MAST系统的未来远程用户提供有价值的信息。该信息将包括记录反应壁和十字头的任何观察到的变形，以及系统在大施加力的混合模式控制下运行的能力。在MAST的远程参与者的能力的性能和易用性评价的目的是导致一个改进的系统，远程参与。共同项目研究者在本项目中有着积极评估这些能力的既得利益，因为这些能力对他们参与本项目至关重要。这是打算通过国家科学基金会，乔治E。小布朗，NEES国家数据储存库。通过该项目在明尼苏达大学购买的任何硬件或仪器将提供给MAST设施的未来用户。

Collaborative Research: Testing and Analyses of Nonrectangular Walls Under Multi- Directional Loads -- CMS 0324504PI: Cathy French, University of MinnesotaThis project represents a collaborative analytical, experimental and educational effort to investigate the behavior of nonrectangular structural walls subjected to the effects of multidirectional loading. Nonrectangular structural walls are often used to resist lateral loads and limit deformations in structural systems located in regions of moderate and high seismicity. Although such wall systems are intended to resist the lateral forces along the orthogonal axes of the building, past research has been limited to unidirectional studies of these systems due to limitations in experimental capabilities, as such the numerical models developed to describe their behavior have been calibrated to this limited data. The proposed project employs one of the first applications of an NSF George E. Brown, Jr., Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) large-scale testing facility, the Multi-Axial Subassemblage Testing (MAST) System at the University of Minnesota, to achieve the multidirectional testing requirements. This facility is ideal for the investigation as it is capable of six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) control including the ability to specify moment to shear profiles about each orthogonal axis to simulate the distribution of lateral forces applied to the wall system. It is anticipated that multidirectional loads will have a significant impact on the behavior of these nonrectangular wall systems as they are intended to resist lateral forces and limit deformations along the orthogonal axes of the building. The collaborative team of researchers from the University of Minnesota, Iowa State University, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez and The Nakaki Bashaw Group, Inc., a consulting firm in Irvine, California, bring combined strengths and resources in experimentation, analysis, design practice and education, all of which are essential components of the proposed investigation. All collaborative researchers will remotely participate in the experimentation including the operation of the test which will reside with Iowa State University. Intellectual Merit: This project builds on the combined strengths of the collaborative research team and newly available experimental capabilities to investigate a critical structural element for seismic regions, nonrectangular structural walls. The analytical and experimental studies developed in this project are expected to lead to improved understanding of the behavior, analysis techniques, and design of nonrectangular wall systems. The project will also recommend appropriate modifications to the design and detailing of nonrectangular wall elements suggested in the current building codes. Broader Impact: The project has a significant educational component through plans to incorporate the testing and simulation into the curriculum at the three collaborative universities including the participation of underrepresented groups. The involvement of the practicing engineer from the beginning of the project, who along with the Principal Investigator is involved in the development of the American Concrete Institute Building Code, ensures that the appropriate research findings may be translated directly into practice with improved detailing recommendations for nonrectangular structural walls. As such, this project will improve the nation's infrastructure in seismic regions. It is also anticipated that the results of this project will lead to valuable information for future remote users of the MAST system. This information will include documentation of any observed deformations of the reaction wall and crosshead, as well as the ability of the system to function under mixed mode control with large applied forces. The performance and userability evaluations of the remote participant capabilities within the MAST are intended to lead to an improved system for remote participation. The Co-PIs have a vested interest within this project to actively evaluate these capabilities as they are essential to their participation in this project. It is intended that the research data be made available to the research community through the NSF, George E. Brown Jr., NEES National Data Repository. Any hardware or instrumentation purchased at the University of Minnesota through this project will be available to future users of the MAST facility.