Benchmarking Integrated FACTS and Modern Energy Storage Systems

电力系统是我国重要的基础设施之一。中断会产生巨大的经济和社会影响。在美国，仅瞬间停电和电压下降每年就造成250亿至4000亿美元的损失。当与FACTS技术相结合时，现代储能系统（ESS），如电池、飞轮、SMES和超级电容器，可以提高电力系统的稳定性、电能质量和可靠性。利用有功功率控制可以更有效地解决许多电力系统问题。将储能系统集成到FACTS设备中可以提供动态分散的有功功率能力，并为传输服务提供商提供所需的灵活性，以减轻传输级潮流问题，从而实现更经济的电力输送，更好的电力质量和更高的可靠性。该项目将开发一个科学框架，以指导何时、何地以及如何将FACTS/ESS集成到大容量电力中的技术决策过程，以减轻动态扰动，改善输电拥塞和环路流。这项工作将为三种储能技术（电池、中小企业和超级电容器）生成基准系统，并开发一个预测ESS性能的模块化基准电网模型。这项研究将最终形成一套全面的指导方针和指标，用于在电力系统中实施FACTS/ESS。本研究的智力优势和实际成果包括对电力系统动态主动功率注入/吸收响应的理论理解的发展，具有相应电力电子接口的主要储能技术的综合表征，以及相对于典型应用的不同FACTS/ESS的比较。

The electric power system is one of our nation's critical infrastructures. Interruptions createenormous economic and social impact. Momentary outages and voltage sags alone account for$25-400 billion/year in the US. When coupled with FACTS technology, modern energy storagesystems (ESS), such as batteries, flywheels, SMES, and super-capacitors, can improve stability,power quality, and the reliability of power systems. Many power system problems can beimpacted more effectively by utilizing active power control. Integrating energy storage systeminto FACTS devices can provide dynamic decentralized active power capabilities and givetransmission service providers much needed flexibility for mitigating transmission level powerflow problems and lead to more economical power delivery, better power quality, and improvedreliability. This project will develop a scientific framework to guide the technical decision-makingprocess of when, where, and how to integrate FACTS/ESS into the bulk power toalleviate dynamic perturbations and improve transmission congestion and loop flows.This work will generate benchmark systems for three energy storage technologies (battery,SMES, and super-capacitors), and develop a modular benchmark power grid model forevaluating ESS performance. This study will culminate in a comprehensive set of guidelines andmetrics for the implementation of FACTS/ESS in power systems.The intellectual merits and tangible outcomes of this research include the development oftheoretical understanding of power system responses to dynamic active powerinjection/absorption, a comprehensive characterization of the primary energy storagetechnologies with the corresponding power electronic interfaces, and a comparison of thedifferent FACTS/ESS with respect to typical applications.