Dynamics Of Mediated Electrochemical Synthesis In Microemulsions

微乳液是由油、水和清洁剂制成的透明、稳定、无毒的液体。先前的研究表明，微乳液可以提高电解化学形成的速率和控制途径。长期的科学目标是发展对微乳液界面动态过程如何用于控制反应性和反应途径的基本理解。从实际的角度来看，该项目旨在发现使用廉价蛋白质薄膜和其他手性催化剂在微乳液中立体选择性制备手性化学物质的方法。手性，即分子与其镜像不重叠的性质，是药物活性的关键。药物的一种手性形式通常具有所有所需的活性。目前，制药行业正在大力开发手性药物，预计未来的市场规模将超过150亿美元。如果发展得当，微乳液中的催化合成可能是未来清洁手性合成方法工具箱的重要贡献者。稳定、高效的催化电极和用于微乳液立体选择化学生产的表面对技术的影响可能非常大。它们将使可重复使用的催化剂能够制造精细的化学品，如药物，只使用电力和可消耗的饲料反应物。副产物、催化剂回收或溶剂毒性问题将被最小化。本项目的具体目标包括了解微乳液、催化膜和反应物之间的动态相互作用如何控制反应速率、途径和立体化学。有代表性的反应是由稳定的聚合物薄膜和蛋白质催化剂催化的将被检查。许多现代光谱、微观和物理方法将被用来表征反应物-膜的相互作用，以优化反应系统。这项工作的广泛影响包括为开发未来相对廉价、低毒、水基流体的电化学合成提供基础指导。该项目将为未来生产高价值化学品（如药物）的成本效益高、环境友好的工艺奠定基础。该项目包括一个基础广泛的教育组成部分，将涉及高中、大学本科生和研究生，包括代表性不足的群体和妇女。高级研究生将参与培训初级水平的学生。指导活动将在所有级别使用。学生将学习高级课程，为项目研究做准备，并将在国家会议和研讨会上展示他们的研究成果。总体而言，该项目为不同专业水平的参与者提供了现代跨学科研究和教育的丰富培训基地。---------------------------------------------------------------- .Rouhi, a.m.。“手性农达”化学。, Eng。新闻，2002年6月10日，第43-57页。

Microemulsions are clear, stable, non-toxic fluids made from oil, water and detergent. Prior research has shown how microemulsions can enhance rates and control pathways of electrolytic chemical formation. The long-term scientific goal is to develop a fundamental understanding of how dynamic processes at interfaces in microemulsions can be used to control reactivity and reaction pathways. From a practical point of view, this project seeks to uncover methodology to make chiral chemicals stereoselectively in microemulsions using films of inexpensive proteins and other chiral catalysts. Chirality, the property of a molecule being non-superimposable on its mirror image, is a key to drug activity. One chiral form of a drug often possesses all the desired activity. The drug industry is currently leading a large effort toward production of chiral drugs, with a future market predicted at over $15 billion. If developed properly, catalytic synthesis in microemulsions may be an important contributor to future toolboxes of clean chiral synthetic methods. The technological impact of stable, efficient catalytic electrodes and surfaces designed for stereoselective chemical production in microemulsions could be very large. They would enable reusable catalysts to make fine chemicals, such as drugs, employing only electricity and consumable feed reactants. Problems with side products, catalyst recovery, or solvent toxicity would be minimized. Specific aims in this project period involve understanding how dynamic interactions between microemulsions, catalytic films, and reactants control reaction rates, pathways and stereochemistry. Representative reactions that are catalyzed by stable films of polymer and protein catalysts will be examined. A number of modern spectroscopic, microscopic and physical methods will be used to characterize reactant-film interactions with a view to optimizing the reaction systems. The broader impact of the work includes fundamental guidance to develop future electrochemical syntheses in relatively inexpensive, low toxicity, water-based fluids. This project will build a basis for future cost-effective, environmentally benign processes to make high value chemicals such as drugs. The project includes a broad-based education component, and will involve high school, college undergraduate, and graduate students, including underrepresented groups and women, in the research. Senior graduate students will be involved in training students at the beginning levels. Mentoring activities will be used at all levels. Students will take advanced courses preparing them for research on the project and will present their research findings at national conferences and workshops. Overall, the project provides a rich training ground in modern cross-disciplinary research and education for participants at several levels of expertise.---------------------------------------------------------------- . Rouhi, A. M. "Chiral Roundup" Chem. & Eng. News, June 10, 2002, pp. 43-57.