AToL: Collaborative Research: Large-scale Phylogeny of Hymenoptera

美国自然历史博物馆的詹姆斯·m·卡彭特博士获得了一笔拨款，用于对膜翅目昆虫的进化史进行大规模研究。膜翅目昆虫包括蚂蚁、蜜蜂和黄蜂。已知物种超过11.5万种，占地球物种多样性的10%，估计在30万到250万之间。学生和研究生研究人员将参与与大量国际科学家的合作努力。我们将利用解剖学和分子数据来追溯这一群体的历史，以在家庭分类学水平上产生一个有充分支持的进化假设。最后的分析将有多达2000个物种，代表所有膜翅目昆虫科和亚科。由于我们将研究的大多数解剖特征不会在属的分类水平上发生变化，因此我们将隐含地包括所有具有充分描述并共享分析中使用的解剖特征的物种。出版的产品将包括一系列关于膜翅目昆虫系统发育的专著和两本书，一个关于膜翅目昆虫科的交互式电子钥匙，通过万维网访问详细的形态图像，以及访问所有膜翅目昆虫的解剖学和分子数据。膜翅目昆虫是经济上和生态上最重要的生物类群之一。有些是严重的经济害虫，威胁着森林工业和小麦种植（锯蝇），城市景观的医疗和有害害虫（社会黄蜂和蚂蚁），传粉者（蜜蜂），通过寄生和控制害虫（大多数寄生蜂）的能力来保护我们的农作物。了解整个目的进化对于将分类群置于正确的环境中，以便进行更有限的行为、寄主关联和发现新型害虫防治剂的能力的研究是极其重要的。

A grant has been awarded to Dr. James M. Carpenter of the American Museum of Natural History for a large-scale study of the evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera - the order of insects containing the ants, bees and wasps. With more than 115,000 described species, this order includes as much as 10% of the species diversity of the planet, with estimates ranging between 0.3 and 2.5 million species. Students and postgraduate researchers will be involved in a collaborative effort with a large array of international scientists. We will trace the history of this group using both anatomical and molecular data, to produce a well-supported evolutionary hypothesis at the taxonomic level of family. The final analyses will have up to 2,000 species, representing all hymenopteran families and subfamilies. Because most anatomical features we will study will not vary at the taxonomic level of genus, we will implicitly be including all species that have adequate descriptions and share the anatomical traits used in the analysis. Published products will include a series of monographs and two books on the phylogeny of Hymenoptera, an interactive electronic key to Hymenoptera families, access to detailed morphological images through World Wide Web, and access to all the anatomical and molecular data for all Hymenoptera.Economically and ecologically, Hymenoptera are one of the most important groups of organisms. Some are severe economic pests threatening both the forest industry and wheat farming (sawflies), medical and noxious pests of urban landscapes (social wasps and ants), pollinators (bees), and defenders of our agricultural crops through their ability to parasitize and control pest insects (most parasitic wasps). Knowledge of the evolution of the entire order is extremely important for placing taxa within a correct context for more limited studies of behavior, host associations and ability to discover novel pest control agents.