Stratification and Migration Dynamics in Russia, 1985-2002: The Impact of Market Transition

本研究考察了经济和政治制度的巨大变化对社会分层的几个关键方面的影响。自1992年初以来，经历了从国家社会主义的大规模和快速过渡，当代俄罗斯提供了一个特别合适的环境来测试和发展有关制度变革对分层过程影响的理论。社会学家在分析市场转型如何重塑前国家社会主义社会中不同群体的社会秩序和生活机会时，运用了关于分层、市场制度的本质和市场行为的一般理论。但这些理论仍然是暂时的，因为它们还没有在俄罗斯得到充分的检验，尽管俄罗斯作为后社会主义分层理论的试验场具有核心重要性。由于俄罗斯是最古老、最纯粹、地缘政治最强大的国家社会主义制度，市场转型是最具戏剧性的激进制度变革。研究的第一阶段包括收集新的多层次调查数据来分析分层动态。2001年9月至2002年1月，一项具有全国代表性的俄罗斯分层和移民动态调查（SMDR）将收集7200名受访者从1985年底至今的就业/活动、工作、居住和家庭组成历史，以及他们配偶/伴侣的工作历史。调查还将包括社会人口变量、当前收入、拖欠工资和其他收入来源的衡量标准，以及与苏联共产党（CPSU）关系的信息。调查数据将与新获得的关于年度区域经济状况的数据相匹配，如失业率、平均实际工资和服务部门的相对规模等。在研究的第二阶段，将使用动态多变量方法，利用SMDR数据，对个人、家庭和背景变量对不同类型的就业变化、工作流动性和迁移的个人水平影响进行建模。将特别注意检验22个假设，这些假设来自市场转型影响的理论和最初在研究民主资本主义社会时形成的一般分层理论。统计结果将为评估、重新制定和扩展这些理论提供经验基础。因此，他们将推进有关制度如何塑造和重新塑造分层过程的更广泛的研究议程。

Theodore GerberSES- 0096607This study examines the impact of dramatic changes in economic and political institutions on several key aspects of social stratification. Having undergone a massive and rapid transition from state socialism since early 1992, contemporary Russia provides an especially suitable setting in which to test and develop theories regarding the impact of institutional change on stratification processes. General theories of stratification, the nature of market institutions, and market behavior have been deployed by sociologists analyzing how market transition reshapes the social order and the life chances of different groups in former state socialist societies. But these theories remain provisional because they have not yet been put to adequate test in Russia, despite Russia's central importance as a proving ground for theories of post-Socialist stratification. Because Russia was the oldest, purest, and most geo-politically powerful state socialist system, the market transition there has been the most dramatic case of radical institutional change.The first phase of the study involves collecting new, multi-level survey data to analyze stratification dynamics. In September 2001-January 2002 a nationally -representative survey of Stratification and Migration Dynamics in Russia (SMDR) will collect employment/activity, job, residential, and household composition histories for 7,200 respondents from the end of 1985 through the present, as well as the work histories of their spouses/partners. The survey will also include sociodemographic variables, measures of current earnings, wage arrears, and alternative sources of income, and information on affiliation with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). The survey data will be matched with newly available data on annual regional economic conditions, such as unemployment rates, mean real wages, and relative size of the service sector, during most of the years covered in the study.In the second phase of the study, dynamic multivariate methods will be used to model the effects of individual, household, and contextual variables on individual-level exposure to different types of employment change, job mobility, and migration using the SMDR data. Special attention will be devoted to testing 22 hypotheses derived from theories of the impact of market transition and general theories of stratification originally formulated in studies of democratic capitalist societies. The statistical results will provide an empirical basis for assessing, reformulating, and expanding, these theories. They will thereby advance the broader agenda of research on how institutions shape and re-shape stratification processes.