The Evolution of larval and adult features in Diptera (Insecta).

双翅目是一个物种极其丰富的类群（约15万种）。幼虫种类繁多。它们中的许多都是腐肉和排泄物的食腐者，或者是害虫的寄生虫。作为许多疾病的传播媒介，成年人对人类健康具有无与伦比的负面影响（例如，疟疾[按蚊]）。在这种情况下，头部结构起着重要作用。它们在库蚊科的研究相对较好。然而，关于成虫和幼虫解剖的知识总体上是非常零碎的。对商业进化事件的理解受到严重缺乏数据的阻碍。因此，第一步将是使用创新技术（包括琥珀化石）记录形态学数据(1)。将编制一个广泛的形态学字符集（成虫和幼虫）(2)。系统发育评价还将包括分子数据（Flytree项目[NSF]）(3)。将发展一个进化情景，重点是成虫头部和摄食器官以及幼虫的特征和习性(4)。将重建地面平面图（双翅目和短翅目）。双翅目的位置将利用《内翅目系统发育与进化》的数据进行重新评估。A子项目是用创新的技术记录果蝇的形态。团队的协同努力将导致密集的交流和强大的协同效应。共享专业知识、数据和材料将保证最高效率，也将带来未来的合作。

Diptera are an extremely species rich group (ca. 150.000 spp.). The larvae are highly diverse. Many of them play an important role as scavengers of carrion and excrements, or are parasites of pest insects. As vectors of numerous diseases adults have unparalleled negative impacts on human health (e.g., Malaria [Anopheles]). Head structures play a major role in this context. They are comparatively well studied in Culicidae. However, the knowledge of adult and larval anatomy in general is very fragmentary. The understanding of cmcial evolutionary events is impeded by a severe lack ofdata. Therefore the first step will be a documentation of morphological data using innovative techniques (including amber fossils) (1). An extensive morphological character set will be compiled (adults and larvae) (2). The phylogenetic evaluation will also include molecular data (Flytree project [NSF]) (3). An evolutionary scenario will be developed, with emphasis on the adult head and feeding apparatus and larval features and habits (4). Groundplans (Diptera and Brachycera) will be reconstmcted. The position of Diptera will be re-assessed using data from Phylogeny and Evolution of Endopterygota \ A subproject is a documentation of the morphology of Drosophila with innovative techniques. The co-ordinated effort of teams will lead to an intensive exchange and a strong synergy effect. Shared expertise, data and material will guarantee maximum efficiency, and also lead to future cooperations.