CAREER: A Unified Approach for Energy Management by Operating Systems

这个建议是在操作系统（os）中开发一种统一的方法来管理能源消耗。目标是使所有类型的硬件组件的能源管理完全自动化。该方法可分为三个部分：(1)创建表征硬件组件的接口，(2)构建支持操作系统运行时决策的能量模型，以及(3)开发确定组件电源状态以管理能量的技术。使用操作系统进行能源管理仍处于起步阶段。超时是实际操作系统中广泛使用的（在大多数情况下是唯一的）解决方案。此外，用户必须设置超时的长度。没有任何操作系统可以根据组件的特征或执行的程序自动找到适当的超时值。该提案的第一部分创建了一个接口，用于自动表征组件的功耗。这隐藏了组件之间的差异，以便操作系统可以以统一的方式管理所有组件的能量。第二部分构建能源模型估算能源消耗；利用所提出的接口可以自动确定模型的系数。本建议的第三部分开发了确定组件功率状态的技术。操作系统会自动选择合适的算法，并设置算法参数。根据部件的特性计算参数。这些算法改变组件的功率状态，例如通过降低未充分利用的组件的性能。该教育计划强调系统集成，帮助学生培养发现、定义和解决复杂问题的技能。这个计划包括三门课程：(1)嵌入式系统的研究生课程，(2)计算机组织的本科课程，(3)计算机体系结构的研究生课程。未被充分代表的少数民族、弱势学生、女性和本科生将被招募参加研究和教育项目。

This proposal is to develop a unified approach in operating systems (Oss) for managing energy consumption. The goal is to make energy management completely automatic for all types of hardware components. This approach can be divided into three parts: (1) creating an interface for characterizing hardware components, (2) constructing energy models for supporting the Oss' run-time decisions, and (3) developing techniques to determine components' power states for managing energy.Using Oss for energy management is still in its infancy. Timeout is a widely used (in most cases the only) solution in real-world Oss. Moreover, users have to set the lengths of the timeout. No operating systems can automatically find the appropriate timeout values based on the component's characteristics or the executed programs.The first part of this proposal creates an interface for automatically characterizing components' power consumption. This hides the differences among components so that the Oss can manage the energy of all components in a uniform way. The second part of this proposal constructs energy models for estimating energy consumption; the models' coefficients can be automatically determined by using the proposed interface. The third part of this proposal develops techniques for determining components' power states. The OSs automatically select appropriate algorithms and set the algorithms' parameters. The parameters are calculated based on the components' characteristics. The algorithms change components' power states, for example by scaling down the performance of under-utilized components.The education plan emphasizes system integration and helps students develop the skills to discover, define and solve complex problems. This plan includes three courses: (1) a graduate course on embedded systems, (2) an undergraduate course on computer organization, and (3) a graduate course on computer architectures. Under-represented minorities, disadvantaged students, women and undergraduate students will be recruited to participate in the research and education programs.