FOR 1503: Space-Time Reference Systems for Monitoring Global Change and for Precise Navigation in Space

参考系统的概念与一般物体形状特别是地球形状的第一个几何考虑一样古老。因此，参考系统是描述地球和空间中其他物体的几何和运动学的一个不可缺少的组成部分。由于确定这些物体的几何性质越来越重要，适当的参考系统的问题变得更加重要。目前，空间物体的精确形态参数已成为人们关注的焦点，而地球变化的监测和量化则是科学研究的焦点。研究股的主要目标是制订综合方法和程序，以便在地球和空间上一致地定义和实现参考系统。虽然已经存在许多参考系统的实现，但它们都是独立使用的，并且存在不一致性。在观测能力以及社会和科学需要不断增加的环境中，将产生一个参考系统框架，这些系统将始终与适当的精度水平相联系，以保证为测量全球变化的几何影响和近地和深空高精度导航提供坚实的基础。积极从事大地测量、天文和空间科学的各种团体的贡献将使参照系能够得到全面的跨学科处理。为了将现有的天文和大地观测材料串联到一个一致的框架中，需要改进实现的理论基础和实践过程。在六个项目中，将进一步发展以质量为中心的星历表、与月球有关的系统和基于卫星的动态参考系统以及基于地球的系统，并将它们始终结合在一起。模型必须改进，以结合不同的空间大地测量观测，如甚长基线干涉测量、精确GPS、卫星激光测距和毫米精度的月球激光测距。最终的结果是，地球、人造卫星、月球、选定的行星和遥远的致密射电星系的一套一致的参考系统将以前所未有的精度实现。

The concepts of reference systems are as old as the first geometric considerations of the shape of bodies in general and of the Earth in particular. Reference systems are, thus, an indispensable component for the description of the geometry and the kinematics of the Earth and other objects in space. Since the determination of geometrical properties of these objects has gained more and more relevance, the issues of the appropriate reference systems became even more important. Today, accurate form parameters of space objects are of interest while for the Earth monitoring and quantifying Global Change are in the focus of scientific investigations. The main objective of the Research Unit is to develop integrative methods and procedures for a consistent definition and realisation of reference systems on Earth and in space. Although many realisations of reference systems exist already, they are used independently and suffer from inconsistencies. In an environment of ever increasing observing capabilities as well as of social and scientific needs, a framework of reference systems will be produced, which are linked consistently with an appropriate level of accuracy to guarantee a solid basis for measuring geometric effects of Global Change and for high-precision navigation near Earth and in deep space. The contributions of various groups active in geodetic, astronomical and space sciences will enable a comprehensive interdisciplinary treatment of reference systems. In order to concatenate the existing astronomical and geodetic observing material into a consistent framework, it is necessary to improve the theoretical foundations and the practical processes for the realisation. In six projects, barycentric ephemerides, moon-related systems and satellite-based dynamic reference systems as well as Earth-based systems will be developed further and brought together consistently. Models have to be improved for the combination of the observations of different space-geodetic observations like Very Long Baseline Interferometry, precise GPS, Satellite Laser Ranging and Lunar Laser Ranging with millimetre accuracy. As a final result, a consistent set of reference systems for the Earth, artificial satellites, the Moon, selected planets and for the far-distant compact radio galaxies will be realised with unprecedented accuracy.