REVSYS: Revisionary Systematics of the Burrowing Anemone Subfamily Edwardsiinae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria)

摘要DEB 0415277 Marymegan Daly这次对海葵亚科Edwardsiinae(线虫纲：珊瑚亚目：猕猴桃亚科)进行了修订，研究了最特殊但鲜为人知的海葵类群之一的多样性。爱德华海葵是挖洞的海葵，它们栖息在一些最受威胁的近岸栖息地，包括潮汐沼泽和泥滩；对这些敏感生态系统的压力导致了澳大利亚、爱尔兰、英国和美国有记录的爱德华海葵种群的下降。在其他地方，沼泽动物在大型动物群落中占据主导地位，密度达到每平方米数百或数千只。爱德华海葵亚科是为数不多的真正世界性的海葵种群之一，所有的属都包括在所有海洋的所有深度的软沉积物中发现的物种。北极熊的多样性和全球分布允许检验各种生态、生物地理和进化假说，包括：栖息地类型和生活史属性之间的关系，极地和深海类群的关系，以及洞穴的进化。这个项目是对猕猴桃亚科成员的第一次这样的检查。所描述的爱德华西亚科的多样性集中在北大西洋，有几个物种来自热带和极地海洋。由于温差在全球分布，可能在局部丰富，因此在生物多样性调查、海洋探险和生态监测项目中经常收集到温差。博物馆藏品中的大多数爱德华亚科标本都是未鉴定的，要么是因为它们属于未描述的物种，要么是因为鉴定很困难，依靠的是只能通过组织学检查才能获得的属性。该项目将记录和描述在太平洋和南大洋收集的物种，并重新评估北大西洋和北冰洋的物种状况，全面评估爱德华海亚科的生物多样性。确定在动物群调查和监测项目期间收集的样本的身份，增加了这类研究的价值，并允许在地点之间进行更细微的比较。通过描述研究不足地区的物种和制作便于非专家鉴定的爱德华亚科物种的电子检索表，解决了爱德华亚科鉴定中的两个瓶颈。

AbstractDEB 0415277Marymegan DalyThis revision of the sea anemone subfamily Edwardsiinae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) addresses the diversity of one of the most speciose and poorly known groups of sea anemones. Edwardsines are burrowing anemones, and they inhabit some of the most threatened inshore habitats, including tidal marshes and mud flats; the pressures on these sensitive ecosystems has led to the documented decline of edwardsine populations in Australia, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Elsewhere, edwardsines dominate macrofaunal communities, reaching densities of hundreds or thousands of individuals per square meter. Edwardsiinae is one of the few truly cosmopolitan groups of sea anemones, with all genera comprising species found in soft sediments at all depths in all oceans. The diversity and global distribution of edwardsines permits a variety of ecological, biogeographic, and evolutionary hypotheses to be examined, including: the correlations between habitat type and life history attributes, the relationship of polar and deep sea taxa, and evolution of burrowing. This project is the first such examination for any member of Actiniaria.The described diversity of Edwardsiinae centers on the North Atlantic, with a handful of species known from tropical and polar oceans. Because edwardsines are globally distributed and may be locally abundant, edwardsines are frequently collected during biodiversity surveys, oceanographic expeditions, and in ecological monitoring projects. Most specimens of Edwardsiinae in museum collections are unidentified, either because they belong to undescribed species or because identification is difficult, relying on attributes accessible only through histological examination. This project will document and describe species collected in the Pacific and Southern Oceans and re-evaluate the status of species from the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans, providing a comprehensive assessment of the biodiversity of Edwardsiinae. The establishment of identity for samples collected during faunal surveys and monitoring projects increases the value of such studies, and allows for more nuanced comparisons between sites. By describing species from under-studied regions and by producing electronic keys to the species of Edwardsiinae that facilitate identification by non-specialists, both bottlenecks in the identification of edwardsines are addressed.