The psychology of moral dilemmas

作为前人项目(道德困境心理学；华盛顿邮报621/21-1)的一部分，我们发表了一篇关于道德判断研究现状的综述(Waldmann，Nagel，&Wiegmann，2012)。这篇综述的一个关键结论是，关于特定情况下道德判断产生的基础过程，缺乏可检验的认知理论。现有的理论在非常一般的水平上描述了过程。我们这个项目的目标是在一定程度上克服这个问题，并开发和测试更具体的道德判断理论。我们计划在先前研究的基础上，对我们在先前项目中已经开始研究的一些现象的理论模型进行测试(例如，道德困境；秩序和迁移效应；距离的作用)。在这个项目中，我们还开发了一些新的想法，这些想法并不是最初提案的一部分，我们也希望将其包括在计划的项目中。新项目的第一部分进一步侧重于将道德直觉从类似的困境转移到新的相关困境。我们已经发展了一个道德迁移理论，我们计划在进一步的实验研究中对其进行测试。第二部分将这一理论应用于通过增加或删除可能的干预选项来操纵道德困境的情况。第3部分的主要目标是研究受害者类别(例如性别、地位等)的作用。因为我们对人类生命之间合法权衡的直觉。第四部分是对空间距离对道德判断影响的研究。我们要特别关注的是帮助手段和受害者之间的空间距离。最后，在第五部分中，我们计划研究基本直觉判断的基本过程。我们已经开发了一种新的理论，它以关于力动态的基本语义直觉为基础，我们打算使用各种实验范式来测试这一理论。

As part of the predecessor project (The psychology of moral dilemmas; WA 621/21-1) we have published a review of the current state of the art of research on moral judgments (Waldmann, Nagel, & Wiegmann, 2012). One key conclusion of this review was that there is a shortage of testable cognitive theories of the processes underlying the generation of moral judgments about specific situations. The existing theories describe processes on a very general level. Our goal of the present project is to overcome this problem in part, and develop and test more specific theories of moral judgments. We plan to follow up on previous research by testing theoretical models of some of the phenomena we have started to investigate in the predecessor project (e.g., moral dilemmas; order and transfer effects; the role of distance). In this project we have also developed some new ideas that were not part of the initial proposal , which we also would like to include in the planned project. Part 1 of the new project further focuses on the transfer of moral intuitions from analogous dilemmas to new related dilemmas. We have developed a theory of moral transfer, which we plan to test in further experimental studies. Part 2 applies this theory to situations in which moral dilemmas are manipulated by adding or deleting possible options for interventions. The main goal of Part 3 is to study the role of victim categories (e.g., gender, status, etc.) for our intuitions about legitimate tradeoffs between human lives. Part 4 follows up on our research on the role of spatial distance on moral judgments. In particular, we would like to focus on the spatial distance between means of help and victims. Finally, in Part 5, we plan to investigate the processes underlying basic intuitive judgments. We have developed a novel theory that bases elementary moral intuitions on basic semantic intuitions about force dynamics, which we intend to test using various experimental paradigms.