A New Look at a Changing Arctic Ocean: A Comprehensive Section Across the Polar Basin

知识价值：开创性的破冰船将穿越加拿大盆地，还包括穿越马卡罗夫北部和欧亚盆地。这个样带在2005年瑞典白令陆桥考察的破冰船奥登号的行程中。USCGC Healy已被提议作为破冰船的伙伴。这种样带的海洋学焦点包括在加拿大中部盆地和马卡罗夫盆地的极地地区提供许多类别的首次测量；定义和理解在有早期测量的样带部分北冰洋水域中温度、盐度、溶解氧和营养物质的长期变化；观察和认识了楚科奇边界地区相对通风良好的中间水域向北扩散的假设；确定横跨加拿大盆地的太平洋地表水信号的当前结构；在横跨加拿大盆地的盐斜水域中定位大西洋/太平洋过渡；为全球海洋碳和重复水文项目提供关键的北极水文/示踪剂/二氧化碳样带；评估北冰洋大尺度场与北欧海和北大西洋外流的关系。为了为实现这些目标提供数据，这里提出了一个参考质量的CTDO和盐度、氧气和营养测量项目，利用SIO海洋数据设施（ODF）的设备和标准，再加上ODF技术专家与一个单独资助的国际团队一起工作。这些研究将在参考意义上定义加拿大盆地的盆地尺度水文，并通过横跨加拿大盆地南部、罗蒙诺索夫海岭和欧亚盆地的重复水文剖面更好地确定北冰洋水域的时间变化。这为气候研究提供了很强的相关性，提高了对广泛认为活跃于北纬高纬度地区的各种气候振荡的海洋分层效应的理解。更广泛的影响：该计划的更广泛的影响包括：广泛传播数据，以加强科学和技术的理解；收集高质量海洋学数据集的长期社会效益；利用这些数据评估气候变化和测试气候系统模式；促进研究生的培养。直接外联将通过媒体采访、与北极经验丰富的教师接触、向教育网站提供资料（如果可能的话，从海上提供）以及将考察资料和数据纳入面向教育的海洋数据探索网站和光盘。参与这项事业还加强了北极地区的国际合作，既可以将美国的专业知识用于解决一系列棘手的问题，也可以直接受益于欧洲和加拿大的互补努力。

Intellectual Merit: A pioneering icebreaker crossing of the Canada Basin is to occur, also including a crossing of the northern Makarov and Eurasian basins. This transect is on the schedule of the icebreaker Oden, concluding the Swedish 2005 Beringia Expedition. USCGC Healy has been proposed as a companion icebreaker.Oceanographic foci of such a transect include providing first-time measurements in many categories across the central Canada Basin and the polar reaches of the Makarov Basin; defining and understanding long-term changes in the temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients in Arctic Ocean waters in portions of the transect where there are earlier measurements; observing and understanding a hypothesized northward spreading from the Chukchi Borderlands region of relatively well ventilated intermediate waters; determining the present structure of the Pacific surface water signal across the Canada Basin; locating the Atlantic/Pacific transition in halocline waters across the Canada Basin; providing a key Arctic hydrographic/tracer/CO2 transect for the Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program; and assessing the relationship of the Arctic Ocean large-scale fields to the Nordic Seas and the outflows to the North Atlantic Ocean.To provide data to work toward these aims, proposed here is a program of reference-quality CTDO and salinity, oxygen, and nutrient measurements along the transect, with SIO Oceanographic Data Facility (ODF) equipment and standards, plus participation of ODF technical specialists working with a separately-funded international team.The proposed studies will define the basin-scale hydrography of the Canada Basin in a reference sense, and also better identify the temporal variability of Arctic Ocean waters by means of a repeat hydrographic section across the southern Canada Basin, Lomonosov Ridge, and Eurasian Basin. This offers strong relevance to climate research, improving understanding of the ocean stratification effects of the varied climate oscillations widely thought to be active in high northern latitudes.Broader Impacts: Broader impacts of the program include: wide dissemination of data to enhance scientific and technological understanding; the long-term societal benefits of collecting a high quality oceanographic data set; use of these data to assess climate change and to test models of the climate system; and promoting training of graduate students. Direct outreach will be accomplished via media interviews, contact with Arctic-experienced teachers, contributions to educational web sites (from sea, if possible), and inclusion of expedition materials and data in an education-oriented ocean data exploration web site and CD-ROM. Participation in this undertaking also strengthens international cooperation in the Arctic, both by bringing U.S. expertise to bear on a demanding problem set and by directly benefiting from complementary European and Canadian efforts.