Precipitation and Attenuation Estimates from a High Resolution Weather Radar Network (PATTERN)

高分辨率天气雷达是近年来发展起来的一种在空间和时间上观测60m、30 S分辨率降水的新技术。作为低成本的小天线系统，这些系统工作在受雷达信号衰减影响的X波段频率范围内。该项目旨在证明HRWR网络可以克服这一明显的缺点。在被多个雷达覆盖的区域，可以同时得出本征反射率和比衰减。比衰减与降雨率之间的关系比常用的反射率与降雨率之间的关系变化小。该项目通过在林登堡气象台实际安装三个HRWR系统和理想化的基于模型的研究，对联网的HRWR的潜力进行了全面评估。调查开始于沿两个相对的雷达系统连接线的一维设置。该框架将用于改进已发表的网络检索，开发新的基于有限元的方法，并探索雷达定标的新技术。作为第二步，将这些方法扩展到二维扫描几何。最后，通过对林登堡设施的长期评估，对HRWR网络反演的准确性进行了评估。通过基于模型的观测系统模拟实验(OSSE)，探索了在区域尺度上使用更大的HRWR网络的潜力。

Recently developed high resolution weather radars (HRWR) are a novel technology to observe precipitation at 60 m and 30 s resolution in space and time. As low cost systems with small antennas, these systems are operated in the X-band frequency range which is affected by attenuation of the radar signal. The project intends to demonstrate a HRWR network can overcome this apparent drawback. In regions, which are covered by more than one radar, it is possible to derive both intrinsic reflectivity and specific attenuation. The relation between specific attenuation and precipitation rate varies less than the commonly used relation between reflectivity and precipitation rate. Specific attenuation as additional observed quantity will likely improve the accuracy of rain rate estimates.The project provides a comprehensive assessment of the potential of networked HRWR both by a practical installation of three HRWR systems at the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg and idealized, models based studies. Investigations start on a one-dimensional setup along connecting lines of two opposing radar systems. This framework will be used to refine published network retrievals, to develop a new finite element based method and to explore a new technique for radar calibration. As a second step, these methods are expanded to twodimensional scanning geometry. Finally the accuracy of HRWR network retrievals is assessed by a long-term evaluation of the installation at Lindenberg. The potential to use larger HRWR networks on regional scales is explored by a model based observing system simulation experiment (OSSE).