Understanding clouds and precipitation at the sub kilometer scale using HAMP (UCP-HAMP)

云在空间中变化很大，特别是在亚公里尺度上，这很难用普通的数值模型或卫星传感器来解决。研究飞机HALO配备了一套云遥感仪器，可以在这个范围内提供独特的见解。作为该提案的一部分，HALO微波包（HAMP）由云雷达和微波辐射计组成，将在NARVAL-II战役期间在靠近巴巴多斯的信风区域运行，并在北大西洋高空的NAWDEX战役期间运行。更好地了解这些地区的云将有助于更好地限制云的敏感性，并相应地限制气候对人为温室效应的敏感性。该项目的一个任务是改进检索算法，特别侧重于更好地量化冻结的水流星含量。在这方面，辐射传输模式将把观测与大气模式的综合联系起来。该小组最后将通过结合NARVAL-I的观测结果来解决以下问题：在信风区湿季和旱季之间，云的宏观物理和微观物理是如何不同的，以及大气模型如何很好地代表海洋对流的不同制度。

Clouds are highly variable in space, in particular at sub-kilometer scales, which can hardly be resolved by common numerical models or satellite sensors. The research aircraft HALO, equipped with a suite of cloud remote sensing instruments, provides unique insights at this range of scales. As part of this proposal, the HALO Microwave Package (HAMP) consisting of a cloud radar and microwave radiometers will be operated during the NARVAL-II campaign in the trade wind region close to Barbados and during the NAWDEX campaign over the high North Atlantic. A better understanding of clouds in these regions will help to better constrain the sensitivity of clouds and correspondingly the climate sensitivity with respect to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. One task of this project is to improve the retrieval algorithms with a special focus on a better quantification of frozen hydrometeor contents. In this respect, radiative transfer modelling will link the observations with integrations of atmospheric models. The group will finally address the questions, how cloud macrophysics and microphysics differ in the trade wind region between wet and dry season by incorporating the NARVAL-I observations, and how well atmospheric models can represent different regimes of maritime convection.