Doctoral Dissertation Research: Changes in Northern Rio Grande Ceramic Production and Exchange, Late Coalition through Classic (A.D. 1250-1600)

在Timothy A博士的监督下。科勒，黛安Curewitz将探讨陶瓷经济和社会组织之间的变化关系，在联盟（公元1150年至1325年）和古典（公元1325年至1600年）之间的过渡时期，在新墨西哥州的北方格兰德河。通过对两种格兰德河釉瓷、两种白瓷和云母炊具的材料组成、工艺、装饰和分布模式的分析，将展示人口流动、聚集到大村庄以及新的意识形态体系如何结合起来改变生产和交换网络。将这些经济变化与定居点和社会组织的发展联系起来，将增加对该地区普韦布洛祖先群体之间交换和新兴社会复杂性之间关系的理解。调查的重点将是制定专业化生产的比较措施，建立陶瓷分配模式，并分析基于有价值商品交换的社交网络。Curewitz认为，一种新的宗教意识形态，首先是由世纪后期来自亚利桑那州中东部的移民带来的，包括一个扩大的公共宴会系统。在这些场合使用的装饰服务船只将所有者确定为团体成员和仪式参与者，这增加了对船只的社会价值和需求。生产仅限于获得必要技能，材料和仪式知识的陶工。相对专业化将从家庭使用的生产增加到兼职独立专家网络，生产用于交换超过家庭和礼物需求。在新形成的大型、密集的居住群体中，远亲们的身体距离更近，再加上对船只的需求，鼓励了基于商品本身特定品质的新的交换驱动的社会关系。新的网络补充了现有的互惠债务体系。烹饪用陶瓷的不对称交换，如云母器皿，通常作为近亲之间的礼物，暗示着一个不断发展的易货系统。加强易货贸易有可能提高具有社会和生计价值的物品的生产效率，使其更加标准化，专门用于交换。这将加强新的非亲属互动网络，以支持人口流动，促进社会和政治权力的实现，并减少生存风险。专业化的手工业生产和劳动分工的增加（经济分化）可能是在没有中央集权的等级制度、社会分层和国家级社会特有的以财富为基础的声望商品经济体系的情况下发展起来的。这表明，经济进程有可能增加社会复杂性，而不会同时增加政治复杂性。该研究计划将协调华盛顿州立大学、国家公园管理局、土地管理局、新墨西哥州博物馆和洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的资源。未充分利用的陶瓷收藏和以前的工作对格兰德河陶瓷将评估科学研究价值，重新分析，合成。所有数据将与州和联邦机构共享，以支持未来的研究。正在班德利耶国家纪念碑进行的博物馆整修将通过进一步详细研究陶瓷收藏品来加强。公众和专业演讲将在新墨西哥州、华盛顿州立大学和美国考古学会年会上举行。报告将提交给支持机构，同行评审的期刊，如考古人类学杂志，以及流行的杂志，如美国考古学。

Under the supervision of Dr. Timothy A. Kohler, Diane Curewitz will explore the changing relationship between ceramic economy and social organization at the transition between the Coalition (A.D. 1150-1325) and Classic (A.D. 1325-1600) periods in the northern Rio Grande of New Mexico. Analysis of material composition, technology, decoration, and distribution patterns of two Rio Grande Glaze ware types, two Biscuit ware types, and micaceous cook ware will demonstrate how population movement, aggregation into large villages, and a new ideological system combined to transform production and exchange networks. Linking these economic changes with developments in settlement and social organization will increase understanding of the relationship between exchange and emerging social complexity among the Ancestral Puebloan groups of the region.The focus of investigation will be to develop comparative measures of specialized production, establish ceramic distribution patterns, and analyze social networks based on the exchange of valued goods. Curewitz argues that a new religious ideology, first brought by migrants from east-central Arizona in the late thirteenth century, included an expanded system of communal feasting. Decorated serving vessels used at these occasions identified owners as group members and ritual participants, which added social value to and increased demand for the vessels. Production was limited to potters with access to requisite skills, materials, and ritual knowledge. Relative specialization would increase from production for household use to a network of part-time independent specialists, producing for exchange in excess of household and gifting needs. Closer physical proximity of more distantly related individuals in the large, dense, newly formed residential groups, combined with demand for vessels, encouraged new exchange-driven social relationships based on the specific qualities of the goods themselves. The new networks supplemented the existing reciprocal, debt-based system. The asymmetric exchange of culinary ceramics such as micaceous ware, ordinarily given as gifts among close kin, suggests a growing system of barter. Intensification of barter has potential to increase efficient and more standardized production of items with social and subsistence value specifically for exchange. This would strengthen the new non-kin interaction networks that would support population movement, enhance attainment of social and political power, and reduce subsistence risk. Specialized craft production and increased division of labor (economic differentiation) may have developed without centralized hierarchies, social stratification, and the wealth-based prestige goods economic systems characteristic of state-level societies. This suggests that economic processes had potential to increase social complexity without simultaneously increasing political complexity. The research program will coordinate resources at Washington State University, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the Museum of New Mexico, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. Underutilized ceramic collections and previous work on Rio Grande ceramics will be assessed for scientific research value, reanalyzed, synthesized. All data will be shared with State and Federal agencies to support future research. Museum renovations in progress at Bandelier National Monument will be enhanced by further detailed study of ceramic collections. Public and professional presentations will take place in New Mexico, at Washington State University, and at Society for American Archaeology annual meetings. Reports will be submitted to the supporting agencies, peer-reviewed journals such as the Journal of Archaeological Anthropology, and popular magazines such as American Archaeology.