Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Investigating the Role of Residential Quarters in the Development of Mesopotamian Cities: The Case of Kazane Hoyuk

在辛西娅·罗宾博士的监督下，安德鲁·克里克莫尔将在青铜时代早期的卡赞·霍约克（Kazane Hoyok）学习邻里组织。公元前3000 - 2000年）位于土耳其东南部的城市。 卡赞是公元前3000年席卷北方美索不达米亚的城市发展浪潮的一部分。这些城市的居民居住在密集的房屋中，分成几个街区。 为了研究城市的社会经济结构以及居民在城市增长，发展和崩溃中的作用，该项目将集中在卡赞中心的一个社区。 邻里研究很重要，因为它涉及城市的社会结构，而不是单个家庭或机构。 住宅区的空间组织，结合整个空间的生产和消费模式，可以揭示城市增长的动态。房屋大小、平面图和街道模式的特征，结合工艺和食品生产以及奢侈品获取的证据，可以揭示城市规划、社会不平等和经济集中的程度。 对城市社区日常生活的这种调查对于解释居民的社会和经济选择如何促进城市化是必要的。 城市是如此之大，以至于很难进行考古学研究。 对单一房屋或街道的研究不足以解释城市的社会多样性，但用现代技术挖掘城市的大部分地区需要花费大量时间和金钱。 为了解决这个问题，本研究使用磁力测量法。 利用磁力测量法，一台携带在地面上的机器测量地下特征的磁场差异。 这台机器能迅速绘制出地下遗骸的地图 在Kazane，安德鲁绘制了一个两公顷的社区，包括房屋、街道、开放空间和工艺品生产设施。 安德鲁将使用这张地图进行有针对性的挖掘，对社区内的多个结构和空间进行采样。 当建筑平面图与每个建筑物的文物样本相结合时，结果将是城市整个社区的社会和经济多样性的全面画面。这项研究的结果将通过在美洲和欧洲（包括土耳其）的会议上发表演讲，并通过在学术和流行期刊上发表文章以及项目网站向科学界和公众介绍。 特别是，这项研究对土耳其公民和项目地区很重要，因为它将拯救卡赞纳的重要部分，使其免受因扩大灌溉工程而即将遭受的破坏。 对于安德鲁和几个本科生和研究生助理，包括土耳其学生，这项研究将提供宝贵的培训，遥感，挖掘和考古分析。 该项目具有跨文化意义，因为古代和现代的城市社会和经济组织问题是整个地球仪从亚洲到欧洲、非洲和美洲的利益所在。

Under the supervision of Dr. Cynthia Robin, Andrew Creekmore will study neighborhood organization at Kazane Hoyok, an Early Bronze Age (ca. 3000 - 2000 B.C.) city in southeastern Turkey. Kazane was part of a wave of urban development that swept across northern Mesopotamia in the third millennium B.C. The residents of these cities lived in densely packed houses grouped into neighborhoods. In order to study the socioeconomic structure of the city and the role of residents in urban growth, development and collapse, this project will focus on a neighborhood in the heart of Kazane. A neighborhood study is important because it addresses the social fabric of the city rather than a single household or institution. The spatial organization of a residential neighborhood, combined with patterns of production and consumption across this space, can reveal the dynamics of urban growth. Characteristics of house size, ground plans and street patterns, combined with evidence for craft and food production and access to luxury goods can reveal the degree of city planning, social inequality, and economic centralization in the city. Such an investigation of everyday life within an urban neighborhood is necessary to explain how the social and economic choices of residents contribute to urbanism. Cities are so large that they are difficult to study archaeologically. A study of a single house or street is not sufficient to explain urban social diversity, but excavating large parts of cities with modern techniques takes much time and money. To address this problem the present study uses magnetometry. With magnetometry, a machine carried above the ground surface measures differences in the magnetic field of buried features. This machine quickly creates a map of subsurface remains. At Kazane Andrew has mapped a two-hectare neighborhood, complete with houses, streets, open spaces and craft production facilities. Andrew will use this map to conduct targeted excavations that sample multiple structures and spaces within the neighborhood. When the architectural plans are combined with samples of artifacts from each building, the result will be a comprehensive picture of social and economic diversity across an entire neighborhood in the city. The results of this research will be presented to the scientific community and the general public via presentations at conferences in America and Europe, including Turkey, and through publications in academic and popular journals as well as a project website. In particular, this research is important for the citizens of Turkey and the project region because it will rescue a significant part of Kazane from impending destruction due to expanding irrigation works. For Andrew and several undergraduate and graduate assistants, including Turkish students, this research will provide valuable training in remote sensing, excavation, and archaeological analysis. This project is significant cross-culturally because the problems of urban social and economic organization, both in antiquity and modern times, are of interest across the globe from Asia to Europe, Africa and the Americas.