Dissertation Research: Social Norms, Markets, and Conservation in Bhutan

发展已经成为许多保护计划的关键组成部分，因为规划者认为当地居民需要福利才能支持环境保护。这篇由一位文化人类学家撰写的论文将研究不丹社会规范和融入市场对保护行为的相互作用。该提案将检验以下假设：以宗教信仰、传统生态知识和社会资本为衡量标准的强大社会规范将导致资源开采减少，而与家庭融入市场经济无关；如果没有强大的社会规范，市场整合将导致资源使用的增加。不丹王国正在采取一种独特的发展方式，重点是在有意和认真的经济发展过程中保护环境和文化遗产。然而，最近涌入的市场已经开始削弱传统价值观。将对8个村庄中的每个村庄进行30人的抽样。利用调查、行为扫描和参与者观察，将衡量市场整合的程度和保护社会规范的标志。这项研究将有助于不丹皇家大学本科生以外的博士生的教育，以及增加这个最孤立国家之一非常有限的人类学和生物学知识。更广泛的影响：我们知识的进步将有助于保护和发展规划者，他们必须设计刺激经济增长的政策，同时限制对当地环境的负面影响。由于世界上许多生物多样性热点都在发展中国家，了解经济增长、社会规范和保护之间的动态关系对于改善保护结果至关重要。

Development has become a key component of many conservation programs because planners assume that local residents require benefits in order to support environmental conservation. This dissertation project by a cultural anthropologist will study the interaction of social norms and integration into markets on conservation behavior in Bhutan. The proposal will test the hypothesis that strong social norms, measured as religiosity, traditional ecological knowledge, and social capital, will result in decreased resource extraction independent of household integration into a market economy and that market integration in the absence of strong social norms will lead to increased resource use. The Kingdom of Bhutan is taking a unique approach to development with an emphasis on protecting environmental and cultural heritage in the course of deliberate and conscientious economic development. The recent influx of markets has, however, begun degrading traditional values. Thirty individuals in each of eight villages will be sampled. Using surveys, behavioral scans, and participant observation, the degree of market integration and markers for social norms for conservation, will be measured. This study will contribute to the education of a doctoral student in addition to undergraduates at the Royal University of Bhutan as well as adding to the very limited anthropological and biological knowledge of one of the most isolated nations. Broader Impacts: The advance in our knowledge will be useful to conservation and development planners who must design policies that spur economic growth while limiting negative impacts on local environments. With many of the world's biodiversity hotspots in developing countries, understanding the dynamics between economic growth, social norms, and conservation is crucial to improving conservation outcomes.