Collaborative Research: The Norrona Project: An International Collaboration for Sustained Studies of the Meridional Overturning Circulation between Denmark, the Faroes and Iceland

OCE-0452970/ROSSBY/FLAG全球经向环流、有限区域的地表水转化为深水以及假定深水在大洋其他大部分地区广泛上涌，对气候变化极为敏感。最深的水域主要起源于韦德尔海和北欧海，在这两种情况下，都是因为密集的水溢出。北欧海的泛滥被暖水向北流动所取代，暖水主要在设得兰群岛、法罗群岛和冰岛之间流动，对于中欧和北欧所享受的温和气候来说，这是一种特别重要的水流。建议建立一个项目，监测北大西洋和北欧海洋之间跨越设得兰-法罗-冰岛海脊的水域交换。苏格兰-法罗-冰岛海脊是监测MOC力量的天然瓶颈。一艘名为诺罗纳的渡轮在法罗群岛运营，全年每周提供一次前往冰岛和丹麦北部的服务。渡轮还会在设得兰群岛和挪威停留。因此，这艘船每周都要穿越冰岛和苏格兰之间所有向北流动的温暖水域。我们建议为这艘船配备声学多普勒海流剖面仪(ADCP)，以测量它在这些港口之间运行时的电流。对海流的重复采样可以准确地估计交通，从而能够辨别交通的趋势。高分辨率的水平采样可以详细研究横跨海脊的电流的空间和动力学特性。该计划旨在解决美国和欧洲日益增长的社会担忧，即向高纬度输送温水的稳定性。数据收集系统的展示将在船上保留，以供公众观看和教育。

OCE-0452970/Rossby/FlaggThe global meridional circulation, the transformation of surface waters into deep waters in limited areas and the presumed broad upwelling of deep waters throughout much of the rest of the ocean, is extremely sensitive to climate changes. The deepest waters originate principally in the Weddell Sea and in the Nordic Sea, in both cases as dense water overflows. The Nordic Seas overflow is replaced by warm water flowing north, principally between Shetland, the Faroes and Iceland, a flow of exceptional importance for the mild climate enjoyed by central and northern Europe.It is proposed to establish a program to monitor the exchange of waters between the North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas across the Shetland- Faroe-Iceland ridge. The Scotland-Faroe-Iceland ridge is the natural chokepoint for monitoring the strength of the MOC. A ferry, the Norrona, operated out of the Faroes, maintains year-round weekly service to Iceland and to northern Denmark. The ferry also stops in the Shetland and in Norway. Thus the vessel traverses all north-flowing warm water between Iceland and Scotland weekly. We propose to equip the vessel with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to measure currents as it operates between these ports. Repeat sampling of currents allows for accurate estimates of transport, and hence allow to discern trends in transport. The high-resolution horizontal sampling allows detailed studies of the spatial and dynamical properties of the currents crossing the ridge. This program is designed to address growing societal concerns in the US and Europe about the stability of warm water transport to high latitudes. Displays of the data gathering system will be maintained onboard for public view and education.