Lidar Sensors and Cyberinfrastructure for Arctic Atmospheric Research

研究人员将进行一项为期五年的研究计划，使用最先进的设备和一种新的基于互联网的数据传输系统为北极开发一种激光雷达传感器，以促进北极大气科学的进步。特别是，激光雷达的发展将涉及敏感的光子计数探测器，包括一个新的红外光子探测器，一个独特的双偏振激光发射器，以及在5到90公里高度进行瑞利-米-拉曼（RMR）测量的新定时方案。对RMR激光雷达测量结果的分析将提供从北极对流层到中间层的温度和气溶胶后向散射强度、消光、形状和大小的独特垂直剖面，垂直分辨率为几十米，时间分辨率为几十分钟。这些观测将适用于极地平流层云、气溶胶和冬季北极平流层垂直热结构的研究。远程操作将允许更多的事件驱动操作，例如在平流层变暖事件期间，并且通常有更多的观测机会。数据传输系统的最终目标将是使激光雷达系统能够从远程位置访问，并为全自动激光雷达系统的发展铺平道路。这种能力将为在基础设施有限的偏远北极地区部署激光雷达提供更大的机会。这些观测将有助于建立一个分布的温度和气溶胶测量网络，以支持平流层变化探测网络。该项目将涉及一名研究生，他将接受激光雷达技术和平流层动力学方面的培训，所获得的数据将迅速和广泛传播，供其他研究人员使用。这些测量和科学结果不仅有助于解决整个社区的问题，而且对当前和未来旨在观测大气中温度和气溶胶的航天器任务的校准和验证也很有用。

The investigators will conduct a five-year research program to develop a lidar sensor for the Arctic using state-of-the-art devices and a novel Internet-based data transport system to enable advancements in arctic atmospheric science. In particular, the lidar development will involve sensitive photon-counting detectors including a new infrared photon detector, a unique dual-polarized laser transmitter, and novel timing schemes to make Rayleigh-Mie-Raman (RMR) measurements from 5 to 90 km in altitude. Analysis of the RMR lidar measurements will provide unique vertical profiles of temperature and aerosol backscatter strength, extinction, shape and size from the arctic troposphere through the mesosphere with a vertical resolution of tens of meters and a temporal resolution of tens of minutes. These observations will be applicable to studies of polar stratospheric clouds, aerosols, and the vertical thermal structure of the winter arctic stratosphere. Remote operations will allow more event-driven operations, such as during stratospheric warming events, and, in general, more observing opportunities. The ultimate objective of the data transport system will be to make the lidar system accessible from remote locations and pave the way for the development of fully autonomous lidar systems. This capability would provide greater opportunity for lidar deployments in remote arctic locations with limited infrastructure. The observations will contribute to a distributed network of temperatures and aerosol measurements to support the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change. The project will involve a graduate student, who will be trained in lidar technologies and stratospheric dynamics, and the data acquired will be rapidly and broadly disseminated for use by other researchers. Not only will the measurements and scientific results contribute to community-wide issues, but they will also be useful for calibration and validation of current and future spacecraft missions designed to observe middle atmosphere temperatures and aerosols.