Theoretical Nuclear Physics

在这个提议中，理论模型将用于研究不同能量的重碰撞以及光子和其他基本粒子诱导的核反应。利用改进的同位旋相关输运模型，包括质子和中子的不同动力学，研究了现有加速器和建议的稀有同位素加速器（RIA）上的稀有同位素碰撞，以发现实验观测值，如双核子相关函数和光团簇产率，对不同质子和中子数的核物质性质的依赖。通过完善的多相输运模型，包括夸克和胶子之间的初始相互作用和普通强子之间的最终相互作用，以及物质在这两相之间的跃迁，将研究相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）上的超相对论重离子碰撞，以确定产生的夸克-胶子等离子体的特征，并通过产生的粒子的集体动力学等可观察到的现象来研究其性质。电磁辐射，由多奇异夸克或重粲夸克组成的强子的丰度，高能粒子的抑制产生，以及每一事件的波动。此外，有效强子模型将被扩展到在杰斐逊国家实验室（JLAB）和其他地方进行的实验中研究来自光和强子-核子反应的外来五夸克重子，以确定它们的性质和结构。这项提议的研究不仅将对RIA、RHIC和JLAB的研究项目产生直接影响，而且还将极大地增加我们对天体物理现象的理解，如超新星爆炸、中子星特性，以及在早期宇宙演化过程中物质是如何从原始夸克-胶子等离子体形成的。它还为年轻的学生和博士后研究人员提供了广泛的研究经验，包括从量子场论到统计力学的方法，并涉及分析工作和数值计算。这些经历将为他们在核科学或其他领域的职业生涯做好准备，继续为我们社会的科学和技术进步做出贡献。

In this proposal, theoretical models will be used to study heavy collisions at various energies as well as nuclear reactions induced by photons and other elementary particles. Using an improved isospin-dependent transport model, that includes different dynamics for protons and neutrons, collisions of rare isotopes at current accelerators and the proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) will be studied in order to find the dependence of experimental observables, such as the two-nucleon correlation functions and the yield of light clusters, on the properties of nuclear matter with different proton and neutron numbers. With a refined multi-phase transport model, that includes both initial interactions among quarks and gluons and final interactions among ordinary hadrons as well as the transition between these two phases of matters, ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) will be studied in order to identify the signatures of the produced quark-gluon plasma and to study its properties through observables such as the collective dynamics of produced particles, the electromagnetic radiations, the abundance of hadrons consisting of multi-strange or heavy charm quarks, the suppressed production of energetic particles, and the even-by-event fluctuations. Also, effective hadronic models will be extended to study exotic pentaquarkbaryons from photo- and hadron-nucleon reactions in the experiments carried out at the Jefferson National Laboratory (JLAB) and elsewhere in order to determine their properties and structures. The proposed research will not only have direct impact on the researchprograms at RIA, RHIC, and JLAB but also adds greatly to our understanding of astrophysical phenomena such as supernova explosions, neutron star properties, and of how matter is formed from the primordial quark-gluon plasma during the evolution of the early universe. It further offers young students and postdoctoral researchers a broad research experience that includes methods ranging from quantum field theory to statistical mechanics and involving both analytical work and numerical computation. These experiences will prepare them well for careers in either nuclear science or other areas to continue their contributions to the scientific and technological advance in our society.