Experimental Physics Research Program at Columbia University/Nevis

哥伦比亚大学尼维斯实验室的粒子物理项目涵盖了一系列广泛的实验。该计划涵盖了9个主要计划的活动：Atlas、MiniBooNE、D0、Pierre Auger、HiRes、反应堆实验、NuTeV、Zeus和eBubble。这些研究项目解决了最近的量子宇宙报告提出的九个相互关联的问题中的六个，该报告为粒子物理规划了未来的道路。尽管在过去的30年里对基本定律和粒子有了深刻的理解，但关于我们的宇宙仍然有一些根本的问题没有得到解答：宇宙的本质和它的组成是什么？什么是物质、能量、空间和时间？我们是怎么来到这里的，我们要去哪里？宇宙加速器是如何工作的？如果有新的对称性或物理定律，人们必须超越标准模型，通过精确的测量和能量前沿来观察。这个研究项目做到了这一点。在带有D0的Tevatron上可以观察到超对称性，在带有ATLAS的CERN LHC上应该可以观察到超对称性。暗能量之谜可能与可能在大型强子对撞机上发现的希格斯场有关。如果空间有额外的维度，它们也可以在大型强子对撞机上获得。该研究计划还将解决基本粒子的性质问题，并通过精确测量探测更高能级：顶夸克(D0，ATLAS)、BS介子(D0)、质子(宙斯)、中微子(Boone，NuTeV，反应堆)和单粒子(ATLAS)。粒子可能会产生暗物质的候选者。在中微子物理领域，有许多悬而未决的问题：有多少个中微子？既然我们知道它们有质量和振动，我们能测量CP破坏吗？这些都是MiniBooNE需要解决的问题，最终还会进行反应堆实验。当我们回顾早期的宇宙时，加速器将被用来理解弱电相变(ATLAS)。在粒子物理学和天文学的交汇点上，HiRes和Auger的实验将研究宇宙中看到的能量最高的粒子，这些粒子至今仍鲜为人知。这些超高能宇宙射线的成分是什么？它们的来源是什么？它们是如何加速的？哥伦比亚大学尼维斯实验室的团队计划继续在他们非常成功的教育和外展项目的基础上继续发展。其目标是让高中生、高中教师、本科生和普通公众参与到理解和研究高能物理的全过程中。哥伦比亚方案的一个主要重点是以代表性不足的群体为目标来参与这些活动。尽管在提高妇女在物理学领域的代表性方面取得了进展，但在提高少数群体代表性方面仍有许多工作要做。活动范围从个别教员的外展努力(讲座、参观等)到有组织的项目，如本科生研究体验、Quarknet和南非的Emasondosondo物理。

The Columbia University Nevis Labs program in particle physics encompasses a broad spectrum of experiments. The program covers activities in 9 major programs: ATLAS, MiniBooNE, D0, Pierre Auger, HiRes, Reactor Experiment, NuTeV, ZEUS, and eBubble. These research programs address six of the nine interrelated questions raised by the recent Quantum Universe report that lays out the path ahead for particle physics. Despite the profound understanding of the fundamental laws and particles achieved in the last 30 years, there remain fundamental unanswered questions about our universe: What is the nature of the universe and its composition? What are matter, energy, space and time? How did we get here and where are we going? How do cosmic accelerators work? If there are new symmetries or physical laws, one must look beyond the Standard Model through precision measurements and at the energy frontier. This research program does that. Supersymmetry may be observed at the Tevatron with D0, and should be observed at the CERN LHC with ATLAS. The mystery of dark energy may be related to the Higgs field, which may be discovered at the LHC. If there are extra dimensions to space, they too may be accessible at the LHC. The research program will also address the question of the nature of fundamental particles, and through precision measurements probe higher energy scales: top quarks (D0, ATLAS), Bs mesons (D0), protons (ZEUS), neutrinos (BooNE, NuTeV, Reactor), and sparticles (ATLAS). Sparticles could yield candidates for dark matter. In the area of neutrino physics, there are many unanswered questions: How many neutrinos are there? Can we measure CP violation now that we know they have mass and oscillate? These are questions to be addressed by MiniBooNE and eventually a Reactor Experiment. As we look back to the early universe, accelerators will be used to understand the electroweak phase transition (ATLAS). At the intersection of particle physics and astronomy, the HiRes and Auger experiments will study the very highest energy particles seen in the universe that are to this day poorly understood. What is the composition of these ultra high energy cosmic rays? What are their sources and how are they accelerated? The Columbia University Nevis Labs groups plan to continue to build on their very successful programs in education and outreach. The goal is to engage the full educational spectrum from high school students, high school teachers, undergraduates and the general public in understanding and doing high energy physics. A primary emphasis of the Columbia programs is to target underrepresented groups to participate in these activities. Although progress has been achieved in increasing the representation of women in physics, much still remains to be done in increasing minority representation. The activities range from individual faculty outreach efforts (lectures, tours, etc) to structured programs like the Research Experience for Undergraduates, Quarknet, and Physics Emasondosondo in South Africa.