Experimental Particle Physics Research at High Energies

高能实验粒子物理研究

• 批准号: 2309945
• 负责人: Darien Wood
• 金额: $ 210万
• 依托单位: Northeastern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2309945&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Particle; Physics; Research; Energies

Experimental Particle Physics Research at High Energies Northeastern UniversityThe high energy frontier of particle collisions provides one of the best opportunities to discover new particles and gain new understanding of how particles interact at the smallest distance scale. The standard model of particle physics provides theoretical predictions for these interactions, but this model is known to be incomplete, and experiments are needed to find what lies beyond those predictions. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the CERN laboratory houses the world’s highest energy human-made particle collisions. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the LHC is a powerful multipurpose particle detector that acts like a complex camera, which aims to observe and record what happens in such collisions. This project supports the work of three faculty members at Northeastern University plus several postdoctoral researchers and students to conduct experimental particle physics research with the CMS experiment. With the combined power of data already recorded and new data being recorded, they use modern statistical and machine-learning techniques to compare theoretical predictions with the observed data in areas tailored to their expertise: standard model physics, Higgs studies, and search for physics beyond the standard model. The knowledge gained from these studies will refine the predictions of particle theory and further the quest for understanding our universe at the smallest distance scales. The project also includes operation of the CMS detector during LHC Run 3, as well as development of detector upgrades that will advance the sophisticated instrumentation that is used in particle detection and has broader applications. These upgrades will enable CMS to exploit future high luminosity running of the LHC (HL-LHC) and ensure that the instruments are available to future generations of scientists.In the three years spanned in the proposed work, the analysis of the full data set from CMS from Run 2 will reach completion, and several analysis projects will develop that will target or include the data accumulated in Run 3. The Northeastern University CMS group will pursue some targeted searches for new physics motivated by recent anomalies or compelling theoretical questions: Leptoquark searches, which could address anomalies observed in the measurement of g-2 of the muon; the production of pairs of Higgs bosons in multiple decay channels, which can signal new physics in production or couplings, and will ultimately give insight into the form of the Higgs potential. At the same time, the group will use the well-understood Run 2 CMS data to increase the precision and scope of measurements of standard model production of the Higgs boson, as well as W+jets and ZZ pairs. The results of these measurements will be very important for making precise predictions of background processes for searches at the HL-LHC. Critical support provided by the group to the CMS experiment to continue the high-efficiency operation of the muon detection and triggering, and of the electromagnetic calorimetry systems will help to provide data used by the entire CMS collaboration for an even broader program of particle physics investigations. In the preparation for the HL- LHC, the work of the group will implement new capabilities for extracting physics in the high-rate environment through upgrades to the electronics of the muon system, muon trigger, and electromagnetic calorimeter to accommodate a much higher rate of data, and through the realization of a new timing detector to disambiguate the large number of multiple interaction vertices. The Northeastern University CMS group will also pursue broader impact through efforts to improve diversity, inclusion, and mentoring, and through outreach and engagement to the wider scientific community and general public. The group will provide special opportunities for interactions by bringing physicists from around the world to the LHCP Conference hosted at the Northeastern University campus in 2024.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

高能东北大学的实验粒子物理研究粒子碰撞的高能前沿提供了发现新粒子和获得对粒子如何在最小距离尺度上相互作用的新理解的最佳机会之一。粒子物理的标准模型为这些相互作用提供了理论上的预测，但众所周知，这个模型是不完整的，需要进行实验来找出这些预测之外的东西。欧洲核子研究中心实验室的大型强子对撞机(LHC)拥有世界上能量最高的人造粒子碰撞。大型强子对撞机上的紧凑型介子螺线管(CMS)实验是一种功能强大的多用途粒子探测器，其作用就像一个复杂的相机，旨在观察和记录在这种碰撞中发生的事情。该项目支持东北大学三名教职员工以及几名博士后研究人员和学生利用CMS实验进行实验粒子物理研究。在已经记录的数据和正在记录的新数据的综合作用下，他们使用现代统计和机器学习技术，在他们的专长领域将理论预测与观测数据进行比较：标准模型物理、希格斯研究，以及搜索标准模型以外的物理。从这些研究中获得的知识将完善粒子理论的预测，并进一步探索在最小的距离尺度上理解我们的宇宙。该项目还包括大型强子对撞机第三次运行期间CMS探测器的运行，以及探测器升级的开发，这将促进用于粒子探测并具有更广泛应用的复杂仪器。这些升级将使CMS能够利用未来大型强子对撞机(HL-LHC)的高光度运行，并确保这些仪器可供未来几代科学家使用。在拟议工作的三年时间里，来自第二次运行的CMS的全部数据集的分析将接近完成，几个分析项目将针对或包括第三次运行中积累的数据。东北大学CMS小组将进行一些有针对性的搜索，以寻找受最近异常或引人注目的理论问题驱动的新物理：轻夸克搜索，这可能解决在测量介子g-2时观察到的反常现象；在多个衰变通道中产生一对希格斯玻色子，这可以在产生或耦合中发出新的物理信号，并最终将深入了解希格斯势的形式。与此同时，该小组将利用广为人知的RUN 2 CMS数据，提高希格斯玻色子以及W+喷注和ZZ对的标准模型产生的测量精度和测量范围。这些测量的结果对于准确预测大型强子对撞机的背景过程是非常重要的。该小组为CMS实验提供的关键支持，以继续高效地运行介子探测和触发以及电磁量热系统，将有助于为整个CMS合作提供数据，用于更广泛的粒子物理研究计划。在HL-LHC的准备工作中，该小组的工作将通过升级Muon系统、Muon触发器和电磁量热计的电子设备来适应更高的数据速率，并通过实现新的定时探测器来消除大量多个相互作用顶点的歧义，从而实现在高速率环境中提取物理的新能力。东北大学CMS小组还将通过努力改善多样性、包容性和指导，以及通过与更广泛的科学界和普通公众的接触和接触，寻求更广泛的影响。该组织将提供特殊的互动机会，邀请来自世界各地的物理学家参加2024年在东北大学校园举办的LHCP会议。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。