Experimental Particle Physics Research at High Energies

高能实验粒子物理研究

• 批准号: 2309945
• 负责人: Darien Wood
• 金额: $ 210万
• 依托单位: Northeastern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2309945&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Particle; Physics; Research; Energies

Experimental Particle Physics Research at High Energies Northeastern UniversityThe high energy frontier of particle collisions provides one of the best opportunities to discover new particles and gain new understanding of how particles interact at the smallest distance scale. The standard model of particle physics provides theoretical predictions for these interactions, but this model is known to be incomplete, and experiments are needed to find what lies beyond those predictions. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the CERN laboratory houses the world’s highest energy human-made particle collisions. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the LHC is a powerful multipurpose particle detector that acts like a complex camera, which aims to observe and record what happens in such collisions. This project supports the work of three faculty members at Northeastern University plus several postdoctoral researchers and students to conduct experimental particle physics research with the CMS experiment. With the combined power of data already recorded and new data being recorded, they use modern statistical and machine-learning techniques to compare theoretical predictions with the observed data in areas tailored to their expertise: standard model physics, Higgs studies, and search for physics beyond the standard model. The knowledge gained from these studies will refine the predictions of particle theory and further the quest for understanding our universe at the smallest distance scales. The project also includes operation of the CMS detector during LHC Run 3, as well as development of detector upgrades that will advance the sophisticated instrumentation that is used in particle detection and has broader applications. These upgrades will enable CMS to exploit future high luminosity running of the LHC (HL-LHC) and ensure that the instruments are available to future generations of scientists.In the three years spanned in the proposed work, the analysis of the full data set from CMS from Run 2 will reach completion, and several analysis projects will develop that will target or include the data accumulated in Run 3. The Northeastern University CMS group will pursue some targeted searches for new physics motivated by recent anomalies or compelling theoretical questions: Leptoquark searches, which could address anomalies observed in the measurement of g-2 of the muon; the production of pairs of Higgs bosons in multiple decay channels, which can signal new physics in production or couplings, and will ultimately give insight into the form of the Higgs potential. At the same time, the group will use the well-understood Run 2 CMS data to increase the precision and scope of measurements of standard model production of the Higgs boson, as well as W+jets and ZZ pairs. The results of these measurements will be very important for making precise predictions of background processes for searches at the HL-LHC. Critical support provided by the group to the CMS experiment to continue the high-efficiency operation of the muon detection and triggering, and of the electromagnetic calorimetry systems will help to provide data used by the entire CMS collaboration for an even broader program of particle physics investigations. In the preparation for the HL- LHC, the work of the group will implement new capabilities for extracting physics in the high-rate environment through upgrades to the electronics of the muon system, muon trigger, and electromagnetic calorimeter to accommodate a much higher rate of data, and through the realization of a new timing detector to disambiguate the large number of multiple interaction vertices. The Northeastern University CMS group will also pursue broader impact through efforts to improve diversity, inclusion, and mentoring, and through outreach and engagement to the wider scientific community and general public. The group will provide special opportunities for interactions by bringing physicists from around the world to the LHCP Conference hosted at the Northeastern University campus in 2024.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

实验粒子物理研究在高能东北大学粒子碰撞的高能前沿提供了一个最好的机会，发现新的粒子，并获得粒子如何在最小的距离尺度相互作用的新的理解。粒子物理学的标准模型为这些相互作用提供了理论预测，但这个模型是不完整的，需要实验来发现这些预测之外的东西。欧洲核子研究中心实验室的大型强子对撞机（LHC）拥有世界上最高能量的人造粒子碰撞。LHC的紧凑型μ子螺线管（CMS）实验是一种功能强大的多用途粒子探测器，其作用就像一台复杂的相机，旨在观察和记录这种碰撞中发生的事情。该项目支持东北大学的三名教师以及几名博士后研究人员和学生的工作，利用CMS实验进行实验粒子物理研究。凭借已经记录的数据和正在记录的新数据的综合力量，他们使用现代统计和机器学习技术将理论预测与根据其专业知识定制的领域的观测数据进行比较：标准模型物理学，希格斯研究和寻找超越标准模型的物理学。从这些研究中获得的知识将完善粒子理论的预测，并进一步探索在最小距离尺度上理解我们的宇宙。该项目还包括CMS探测器在LHC运行3期间的运行，以及探测器升级的开发，这将推动粒子探测中使用的复杂仪器的发展，并具有更广泛的应用。这些升级将使CMS能够利用未来运行的LHC（HL-LHC）的高亮度，并确保这些仪器可供未来的科学家使用。在拟议工作的三年时间里，对CMS运行2的完整数据集的分析将完成，并将开发几个分析项目，这些项目将针对或包括运行3积累的数据。东北大学CMS小组将对最近的异常或引人注目的理论问题所激发的新物理进行一些有针对性的搜索：轻子搜索，可以解决测量μ子g-2时观察到的异常;在多个衰变通道中产生希格斯玻色子对，这可以在生产或耦合中发出新物理的信号，并最终深入了解希格斯势的形式。与此同时，该小组将使用已被充分理解的Run 2 CMS数据来提高希格斯玻色子以及W+喷流和ZZ对的标准模型生产的测量精度和范围。这些测量的结果将是非常重要的，使在HL-LHC搜索的背景过程的精确预测。该小组为CMS实验提供的关键支持，以继续μ子检测和触发的高效率操作，以及电磁量热系统将有助于为整个CMS合作提供更广泛的粒子物理研究计划所使用的数据。在HL- LHC的准备工作中，该小组的工作将通过升级μ子系统，μ子触发器和电磁量能器的电子设备来实现在高速率环境中提取物理的新能力，以适应更高的数据速率，并通过实现新的定时探测器来消除大量的多个相互作用顶点。东北大学CMS集团还将通过努力提高多样性，包容性和指导，并通过推广和参与更广泛的科学界和公众，以追求更广泛的影响。该小组将通过将来自世界各地的物理学家带到2024年在东北大学校园举办的LHCP会议上，为互动提供特殊的机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。