A Novel Optimization Based Control Determination against Voltage Collapse with respect to System wide Disturbances as well as Undesirable Component Protection

当大容量电力系统的负荷接近其最大容量时，系统的安全将受到威胁。电压不稳定和保护继电保护动作不理想是系统承受压力时可能发生的两种主要相互关联的现象。正如许多电压崩溃事件中所报道的那样，当系统受到重大扰动时，系统元件的高负荷条件往往会使继电保护动作。这些继电器的操作进一步跳闸关键部件，导致级联跳闸事件。在重负荷条件下缺乏无功可能会触发励磁限制器和过载保护，从而使发电机跳闸。毫无疑问，这直接导致了大范围的停电。需要采取既考虑到全系统干扰又考虑到不良保护操作的对策。使系统免于电压崩溃所需的校正控制量取决于控制的时间。如果控制的时间超过了关键时间，则所需的控制量会急剧增加。需要一种经济有效的控制策略来确定何时、何地以及需要多少控制以避免整个系统崩溃。该提案以全面和协调的方式直接处理这些问题。该框架包括一种新的基于解耦流形的系统崩溃识别的时域仿真算法。一种新的基于优化的控制确定算法提供了控制的位置、数量和时机，以避免系统崩溃。

The security of a bulk power system is threatened when it is loaded near to its maximum capacity. Voltage instability and undesirable protective relay operation are two major interrelated phenomena that can occur when the system is under stress. As reported in many voltage collapse incidents, when the system is subjected to a major disturbance, high loading conditions on system components tend to operate protective relays. The operation of these relays further trips the critical components, leading to cascading events of tripping. The lack of reactive power during heavy loading conditions may trigger field limiters and overload protection to trip the generators. Undoubtedly, this directly contributes to wide-area blackouts. There is a need for countermeasures that take into account both system wide disturbances as well as undesirable protective operation. The amount of corrective control needed to save the system from voltage collapse depends on the timing of the control. The amount of required control increases dramatically if the timing of the control is beyond the critical time. A cost effective control strategy is need to determine when, where and how much control is needed to avoid system wide collapse. The proposal directly addresses these issues in a comprehensive and coordinated way. The framework includes a novel decoupled manifold-based time-domain simulation algorithm to identifying system collapse. A novel optimization-based control determination algorithm then provides the location, the quantity, and the timing of control to avoid system collapse.