Genetic and developmental analysis of pre-anthesis phases in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

在谷物育种中，对特定环境的最佳适应以及随后的高产潜力主要由开花时间决定。在发育上，开花时间（或花前发育）可分为三个阶段：叶片起始（LI）阶段、小穗起始（SI）阶段和小穗生长（SG）阶段。每个阶段的长度可以根据环境条件（温度和光周期）而变化，并独立地影响最终开花时间和随后的产量。在拟议的项目中，我们将（i）进行详细的表型分析212春大麦（大麦L。）基因型在花前发育中关于LI、SI和SG期长度的差异，（ii）使用全基因组标记-性状关联来鉴定单个花前期长度的QTL，和（iii）利用大麦、水稻、高粱，和Brachypodium基因组序列，用于定位和测序212个大麦基因型中各个时期的QTL的推导候选基因。这将是第一个关联/QTL研究有关大麦或任何其他谷类作物的开花前发育。QTL/基因参与早期穗发展将作出重要贡献，未来微调开花时间在小粒谷类作物，通过提供一个更好的理解发展的遗传过程，在大麦和其他禾本科作物抽穗时间。

In cereal breeding, optimal adaptation to a given environment and subsequently high yield potential is mainly determined by the time of flowering. Developmentally, time to flowering (or pre-anthesis development) can be divided into three phases: the leaf initiation (LI) phase, the spikelet initiation (SI) phase, and the spikelet growth (SG) phase. The length of each phase can vary depending on environmental conditions (temperature and photoperiod) and contributes independently towards final time to flowering and subsequently yield. During the proposed project we will (i) perform detailed phenotypic analyses of 212 spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes for differences in their pre-anthesis development regarding length of the LI, SI and SG phases, (ii) use genome-wide marker-trait associations for the identification of QTL for the length of individual pre-anthesis phases, and (iii) utilize collinearity between barley, rice, Sorghum, and Brachypodium genomic sequences for mapping and sequencing of deduced candidate genes underlying QTL for individual phases in 212 barley genotypes. This would be the first association/QTL study related to the pre-anthesis development in barley or any other cereal crop. QTL/genes involved in early spike development will make an important contribution to future fine-tuning of flowering time in small grain cereal crops by providing a better understanding of the developmental genetic processes underlying heading time in barley and other grasses.